<p>Lake Bonney SE  is a coastal freshwater lake located in the Limestone Coast region of South Australia in the gazetted locality of Canunda. With a surface area of 5,056 km&sup2, the lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in Australia.</p><br>
<p>The lake is located 450 km south east of Adelaide and 13 km south west of Millicent. The Canunda National Park lies adjacent to the lake shore.</p><br>
<h2>Naming</h2><br>
<p>The lake was named Lake Bonney in 1844 by George Grey, the then Governor of South Australia.</p><br>
<p>The name was proposed in 1916 to be changed by the Nomenclature Committee to ‘Coonunda Lake’ but was not actioned without any reason provided. ‘Coonunda’ or ‘Canunda’ is the indigenous name fof the lake.</p><br>
<p>In both 1972 and 1981, the District Council of Barmera wrote to the South Australian government requesting that the lake be renamed with its native name, i.e. ‘Canunda’ or ‘Coonunda’, in order to avoid being confused with the lake in the Riverland. In response to the request sent in 1981, the Geographical Names Board renamed both lakes as ‘Lake Bonney, Riverland’ and ‘Lake Bonney SE’ in order “to differentiate between the lakes.” A further request for a name change sent in 1989 by the District Council of Barmera was not approved by the Geographical Names Board.</p><br>
<p>The Irish Hills Towers are two wooden observation towers located at 8433 West USA Highway 12 in Cambridge Township, Lenawee County, Michigan, in the Irish Hills region. They were added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 2, 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1920s, the Michigan Observation Company sought places of high elevation to erect 50 ft enclosed platforms to boost tourism. In southern Michigan, a tower was placed atop Bundy Hill in Hillsdale County and officials sought a knoll in the heart of the Irish Hills in Lenawee County. A farmer who owned half of the knoll, Edward Kelly, turned down the company&#39;s offer to purchase his portion of the land. The adjoining land owner, Thomas Brighton, consented to the sale of his plat, and construction of the Irish Hills Observatory commenced.</p><br>
<p>The opening of the Irish Hills Observatory was announced by The Brooklyn Exponent in September 1924. In a gala celebration on October 4 and October 5, hundreds of people ascended the hill and tower to gaze upon the rolling landscape and crystal blue lakes in all directions. Kelly seemed angered by the exploitation of the MOCs venture, and protested by erecting his own tower. By the end of November, 1924, his own observation platform was in place, just feet away from the MOCs structure and several feet higher.</p><br>
<p>The Michigan Observation Company responded by adding a second observation enclosure to the top of its own facilities, now designated as the Original Irish Hills Tower. Kelly proceeded to add a raised platform to his "Gray" tower (named as such because of its gray-painted exterior), an act which brought the two edifices to an even height. The MOC informed Kelly that if he attempted to compete with more height given to his tower, they would tear down their own and construct a metal observatory so large that Kelly&#39;s efforts would be nullified. He conceded, and turned his efforts instead to drawing more revenue to his creation.</p><br>
<p>The Irish Hills Towers operated as separate and competitive entities through the 1950s, when Frank Lamping acquired both and connected them with a gift shop at the ground floor. They briefly closed in the late 1960s, and were refurbished in 1972, by Allen Good. They were given new observation platforms, and, as a result, attained a near-identical look.</p><br>
<p>The Irish Hills Towers closed to the public at the end of the summer of 2000. The township deemed the towers unsafe in April 2013. The Irish Hills Historical Society began demolition of the tops of the towers on July 1, 2013 to begin the process of bringing them up to code. As of their September 2014 meeting, the township board had once again agreed to hold off demolition while the historical society continued fundraising to save the landmarks. As of 2017, the towers are being restored.</p><br>
<p>Khüiten Peak  is the highest point in Mongolia, on the west side of the country along the border with China. It is 4,374 m  high and has a permanent snow cap.</p><br>
<p>In the past, Khüiten Peak was officially known as the "Friendship Peak" (Nairamdal Uul (Найрамдал Уул) in Mongolian, or Youyi Feng 友谊峰 in Chinese).</p><br>
<p>Khüiten Peak is one of five peaks of Tavan Bogd mountain. Another peak, which is about 2.5 km north of Khüiten, marks the border tripoint between Russia, Mongolia, and China; the name of that peak is given in international agreements and on maps as Tavan Bogd Peak (Таван-Богдо-Ула, Tavan-Bogdo-Ula; Таван Богд Уул, Tavan Bogd Uul), or Mount Kuitun.</p><br>
<p>(Protocol between the Government of the Russian Federation, the Government of Mongolia, and the Government of the People&#39;s Republic of China, describing the western junction point of the borders of the three states. Signed in Beijing, June 24, 1996)</p><br>
<p>Some sources, however, associate the name Nairamdal Peak (Friendship Peak) with the peak at the border tripoint.</p><br>
<p>The first known ascent of Khüiten Peak was in 1963 by Mongolian mountaineers sponsored by the government.</p><br>
<p>Kalepolepo Fishpond, known by its older name Koiei.e. Loko Ia, is an ancient Hawaiian fishpond estimated to have been built between 1400–1500 AD. The fishpond is located in Kalepolepo Park in Kīhei on the island of Maui. In 1996, the Aoao O Na Loka Ia O Maui  began renovating Koiei.e., working closely with the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary.</p><br>
<p>Koieie ("rapid current") is classified as a loko kuapa (walled pond), a type of fishpond that uses lava rock and coral walls (kuapa) to keep water circulating while a wooden sluice gate (makaha) allows small fish to enter the pond to feed, but prevents them from leaving after they grow too large to slip between the gate&#39;s gaps. Species of fish once farmed by ancient Hawaiians include the awa (milkfish, Chanos chanos), amaama (flathead mullet, Mugil cephalus), and the aholehole (Hawaiian Flagtail, Kuhlia xenura).</p><br>
<p>The fishpond was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996, as Kalepolepo Fishpond with alternate names Koiei.e. Fishpond and Kaonoulu Kai Fishpond.</p><br>
<p>Palaio Loutro  is a small mountain village in Messenia, Peloponnese, Southern Greece. It is located a few kilometres from Chora, the site of Nestor&#39;s Palace, and the seaside port of Pylos. Palaio Loutro means "old bath" in reference to the river that runs between the village and a mountain the locals refer to as "o koufieros".</p><br>
<p>Before World War II, Palaio Loutro had a thriving agricultural community. It suffered immensely from the occupation of Greece between 1941 and 1944; residents fled Nazi forces and sought refuge in the nearby mountains when Palaio Loutro was set alight to avenge the death of German troops in the area as a result of battles with the Greek Resistance. The village also suffered as a result of the Greek Civil War that ravaged Greece between 1946 and 1949.</p><br>
<p>In the 1950s and 1960s, many of its young people emigrated primarily to Australia but also to the United States and Germany. Others left for nearby larger Messinian towns and to the prefectures capital, Kalamata. Many also settled in Greeces capital, Athens.</p><br>
<p>Palaio Loutro is known for the river that passes near the village, its scenic views and its annual patron saint festival (panigyri) held in the summer that attracts many visitors, including children and grandchildren of the village&#39;s former residents. In recent years, former residents of the village and their descendants have begun rebuilding their ancestral homes which are used in the summer months.</p><br>
<p>The town has two churches, Saint Demetrius and Saints Anargyroi (Cosmas and Damian). The latter was carved out of the mountain facing the village and many residents sought refuge there when Palaio Loutro was set alight by the Nazis in World War II.</p><br>
<p>The former Union Church is a historic building on Main Street in Columbia Falls, Maine. Built in 1849, it is an important local example of Greek Revival architecture. It served as a church until 1902, and as town hall until 1987. In the 1940s its interior was also adapted for use as a gymnasium. The building now houses the town library and archives. On July 5, 2000, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Union Church stands in the village center of Columbia Falls, on the north side of Main Street, between Addison Street and the Pleasant River. It is a tall single-story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof and a granite foundation. Its front facade is finished in matchboard, while the other sides are clapboarded. The building corners are pilastered, with an entablature extending across the top of the front and sides. The front has a centered entrance set in a three-bay recess with two tall Doric columns in front, and tall sash windows in the flanking bays, with pilasters at the corners of the recess. The gable above is fully pedimented, with a small arched louver at the center. A tower rises above, with a combination belfry and clock stage topped by a low crown and weathervane. The interior is largely the product of the buildings 1949-50 conversion into gymnasium, although some original Greek Revival window framing remains.</p><br>
<p>The early history of the church is shrouded in mystery; it was dedicated in January 1841, and its designer and builder are not known. The bell in the tower is original, and the clock was added in 1889. Use of the building for religious purposes had declined by the early 20th century to the point that it was deeded to the town, apparently with the stipulation that its exterior remain unaltered. It served as the community&#39;s town hall until 1987, and was further adapted for use as a gymnasium by the local schools in 1949-50. These functions were moved to a modern facility in 1987. The building has since housed the town library and archives.</p><br>
<p>Beşparmak Mountains  are a ridge of many spurs located in the Muğla and Aydın provinces of Turkey, running in an east-west direction along the north shore of the former Latmian Gulf on the coast of Caria, which became part of Hellenised Ionia. The city of Latmus, located on the south slopes of Mount Latmus 25 km east of Miletus, was originally a port on the narrow gulf, as reported by Strabo. He also states that Latmus is the same as Mount Phthires in the Catalogue of Trojans.</p><br>
<p>The mouth of the Gulf of Latmus began to fill with sediment from the Maeander (Büyük Menderes) river, which emptied into it, even in classical antiquity. By 300 CE Lake Bafa had formed behind the estuary marshes. It gradually diminished in salinity and would now be fresh water except that canals to the Aegean introduce a saline element. The ecology remains a brackish-water one and the lake has been made a bird sanctuary. Its area of 7 km&sup2; with a maximum depth of 25 m still extends from the base of the west spur of Mount Latmus, although, having lost its port, the ancient medium-sized town of Herakleia (Latmus) has declined in size and facilities to the small village of Kapikiri.</p><br>
<p>Beşparmak looms far beyond Kapikiri to the east for a total distance of about 35 km, 5 km to 10 km wide. It is deeply eroded by various streams into spurs. The spur that can be seen from Kapikiri is one Dağ, or "mountain", but the entire ridge with all the spurs is Dağlar, "mountains", in the sense of "range." The ancient writers generally recognized the western spur over the gulf as Latmus, but Strabo reports that the ridge east was called Mount Grium and extended through Caria.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The morphotectonic configuration of Anatolia and the Aegean is a result of continental drift movements associated with the Alpine orogeny, a zone of mountain-building caused by the collision of the African and Arabian Plates with the Eurasian Plate. The former have been slipping under the latter compressing and lifting the edge and creating zones of metamorphic rock from previous layers of sedimentary rock. These zones in the Aegean are represented by a number of massifs that were originally buried by crustal subduction: the Rhodope, Kazdag, Menderes, Cycladic Massif and Crete.</p><br>
<p>For various geologic reasons, modelled differently by different geologists, the zone of compression in the Aegean became one of extension: the region widened and dome-like or ovoid massifs were uncovered, or exhumed, from the subduction zones and rose by isostasy. In the case of the Menderes Massif, which is 40,000 km&sup2, the reasons are better known due to geologic research in central Turkey. Anatolia is a triangular block created by the intersection in central Turkey of the North and East Anatolian faults. As the northward-pressing Arabian Plate pushes against this wedge the latter slips to the west but the broad end opens along fault lines like the rays of a fan, extending the massif to the north-northeast and south. This is being called a bivergent (diverges in two places) model.</p><br>
<p>The entire massif is divided or nearly so by a karst topography into three sections: the Gordes Massif north of the Alasehir or Gediz graben, the Cine Massif south of the Büyük Menderes graben and the Central Massif between. The latter is split like a forked tongue by the Küçük Menderes Graben into the Kuzey Detachment to the north and the Guney Detachment to the south. Mycale is part of the Guney Detachment, while Latmus is in the Cine Massif.</p><br>
<p>The Graben are low-key rift valleys. There have been some small intrusions of magma into the graben appearing now as granito-diorite outcrops. Dates on thin sections of monazite obtained from the earliest exhumed rocks of the graben suggest "... that the Cenozoic extension in the Gordes Massif, and possibly the entire Menderes Massif, might have begun in the Late Oligocene." Despite the rare intrusions, the massif is not of volcanic origin. Most of the visible layer is light, metamorphic rock of various kinds, especially marble and schists.</p><br>
<p>Except for alluvial fans of impermeable clay the rock is highly porous due to a network of small faults, which dips into the warmer regions below the surface. Warm springs and vapors are common, giving the appearance of volcanic activity. The ancients cross-culturally viewed these phenomena as being caused by divinities, which rock-paintings indicate they worshipped. The north slopes of Latmus are subject to heavy and damaging mudslides, which also would have contributed to the idea that it was a god.</p><br>
<h2>Mythology</h2><br>
<p>Latmus appears in Greek mythology as the site of the cave where Selene&#39;s consort Endymion lies forever young and beautiful in blissful sleep.</p><br>
<h2>Prehistory</h2><br>
<p>Beginning in 1994 about 170 rock paintings have been discovered in shallow caves and overhangs near springs at the foot of Mount Latmus overlooking Lake Bafa. They came to light in a survey conducted by Anneliese Peschlow of the German Archaeology Institute. Peschlow dates the earliest to about 6000 BCE and believes from other findings that the region has been continuously occupied since then. She is currently working to get Mount Latmus reserved as a national park.</p><br>
<p>The paintings, which are done entirely in red, depict mainly social and religious scenes. Different representations of the mountain include a dragon, indicating that it was worshipped as a god; that is, Latmus was a sacred mountain at least as early as the Early Bronze Age.</p><br>
<p>A 2004 palynological study of two sediment cores taken from Lake Bafa near Kapikiri (Baf S1) and from the western depth (Baf S6) suggests a habitation sequence of the Büyük Menderes River valley and the shores of Latmus that appears to support the early history of the region. Baf S1, containing the oldest sediment, is layered in four subsections, the first carbon dated to before 4000 BCE.</p><br>
<p>From the pollen of subsection 1 a model can be constructed of a lightly grazed climax forest of deciduous oak and pine: 27.6% Quercus pubescens, 14.6% Pinus and lesser concentrations of Isoetes histrix. Low levels of the pasture weed, Plantago lanceolata, indicate a low level of grazing by animals belonging to indigenes that lived somewhere else. There is no evidence that they settled or grew crops in the region.</p><br>
<p>Subsection 2, dated 1240/1126 BCE to 710/558 BCE, represents a settlement from the Beyşehir Occupation Phase of southern Anatolia, dated there 3500/3000 BP to 1500 BP. It has a specific palynological profile of "secondary anthropogenic indicators;" that is, not pollen of cultivated plants but of other species growing on cultivated land: certain percentages of Plantago lanceolata, Sanguisorba minor, Pistacia, Platanus, Quercus calliprinos and Juniperus.</p><br>
<p>The Lake Bafu profile shows the replacement of deciduous oak and pine with maquis species: Phillyrea, Cistus, Ericaceae; fruit trees: Olea, Castanea; and farm weeds: Plantago lanceolata and Juniperus. Carbon in the sediment suggests the forest was cleared by slash and burn. This period corresponds to the settlement of the Carians in the area, who apparently moved in from southern Anatolia. There is a semi-legendary tradition that they subdued another Pre-Hellenic people, the Leleges, but the evidence is not precise enough to say if the indigenes were all or partly Leleges. As the Carians worshipped Endymion, he may have been brought in at this time.</p><br>
<p>Subsection 3 reveals an abandonment of the cleared areas, the decline of Olea, and the spread of Pistacia, Pinus brutia and Quercus coccifera (instead of deciduous oak) on formerly cleared land and in the maquis. As this is the time of the rise of Ionia, the palynological scenario suggests a movement of population from the land to the newly settled or expanded big cities of the Ionian League. Subsection 4 and Baf S6 go on to catalogue the return of the fruit trees, re-clearing the land for pasture, planting of rye and other cereals, ultimate destabilization of the soil through over-use, denudation and acceleration of sedimentation. After the sealing off of the bay to form the lake, population and land use declined to their current low levels around Latmus, but the river valley is cultivated.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Latmus became a member of the Delian League in the fifth century BCE. In the fourth century the Persian satrap (a Carian) Mausolus of Halicarnassus captured the city by a ruse and fortified it with a circuit wall; under Hellenising influence the city was refounded a kilometer to the west on a rectilinear grid system as Heracleia under Latmos, dedicated to the hero Heracles. The modern village of Kapıkırı is built among the ruins.</p><br>
<p>The temenos, or sanctuary of Endymion, with pre-Greek origins, was rebuilt in Hellenistic times, and may still be seen on a rise to the south of the ancient city. The building faces the southwest; it has a cella with a horseshoe-shaped rear wall partly cut out of the bedrock, with an entrance hall and columned forecourt.</p><br>
<p>A temple of Athena at Heracleia reveals its earlier foundation by not being aligned with the Hellenistic street pattern.</p><br>
<p>In Byzantine times, the mountain, known as Latros, became a flourishing monastic centre. According to tradition, the first monastic community was established by Sinaite monks fleeing from the Muslim conquests in the 7th century. By the early 10th century, there were three monasteries, and by 1222, the monastic community of Latros numbered 11 monasteries. It began declining however towards the century&#39;s end due to increasing Turkish attacks, and disappeared in the 14th century. Endymion was Christianised as a mystic saint, whose coffin was opened annually and whose bones emitted musical tones and the site drew pilgrims. In the ninth century, Joseph the Hymnographer was tonsured in the monastery of Latmus.</p><br>
<p>Iron ore was mined in the area as of the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The East End Historic District in Newburgh, New York, United States is the lower portion of what the state and city recognize as a single historic district along with the Montgomery-Grand-Liberty Streets Historic District. Its 445 acres  contain 2,217 buildings, including Washington&#39;s Headquarters State Historic Site, a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>This area includes much of the southeastern quarter of the city. Most of the buildings were constructed during the citys height of industrial development in the later 19th century, as opposed to the villas and mansions in the Montgomery-Grand-Liberty district. They housed many of the citys working-class population at the time, and the small businesses that served them. First recognized by the city in 1973, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Today, it is a mix of extremes. Some of its neighborhoods are among the citys most desirable, offering panoramic views of the Hudson Rivers Newburgh Bay and the Hudson Highlands to the south. It is also home to some of the city&#39;s poorest neighborhoods, and historic preservation groups have expressed concern about many important properties being lost to urban blight and neglect.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The district is roughly bounded by Robinson Avenue (US 9W) to the west, Water Street and Bay View Terrace on the east, Monument and Renwick streets to the south and LeRoy Place and Broadway to the north. This area of Newburgh, combined with the other district, represents the core of the settled city by the end of the 19th century. It rises up gently from the riverside area to mildly rolling higher ground.</p><br>
<p>Industrial properties, both vacant and in use, are concentrated closer to the river, while the higher neighborhoods are mostly residential, with some institutional buildings such as schools and churches scattered throughout. There are a few commercial areas, most notably along Liberty Street opposite Washington&#39;s Headquarters, taking advantage of tourist business at the historic site during the summer months; along Broadway near City Hall and also along a short block of William Street further south.</p><br>
<p>Combined and treated as one district, the 4,000 contributing properties are the most of any historic district in New York. The 2,239 resources in the East End alone are the most of any federally recognized district in the state.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Much of the district is characterized by two- or three-story brick townhouses in the Italianate style popular in the late 19th century for urban buildings. In Washington Heights, the blocks near the southeastern corner of the district, where views of the river open up, there are houses in many Victorian styles reflecting the rapid subdivision and development of that area between 1886 and 1900.</p><br>
<p>The houses on and near Parmenter Street, one block west of Washington&#39;s Headquarters, are the only part of Newburgh that still reflects the village character of the settlement from the turn of the 19th century. Houses here are gabled two-story structures in the Federal style, not found much elsewhere in the city.</p><br>
<h3>Significant contributing properties</h3><br>
<p>The oldest property in the district and the city, Jonathan Hasbroucks 1750 stone house, is today the center of Washingtons Headquarters State Historic Site, recognizing the generals residence here during the years between British surrender at Yorktown and final withdrawal from the American colonies in 1783. In the 1850s, it acquired additional historical significance when it became the first state-recognized historic site in the country. Today it is one of Newburghs two National Historic Landmarks, under the management of the Palisades Interstate Park Commission. Another contributing property within the district has been separately listed in the National Register. The New York State Armory on Broadway had been vacant for decades after the New York National Guard unit stationed there moved to a newer building several blocks away in the 1930s. A fire in the 1970s had left it a blackened shell. It seemed likely to be torn down until it was sold to Orange County, which brought in a private developer to rebuild it with help from the states Office of Historic Preservation. It now houses the countys Social Services operations in the city.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation issues</h2><br>
<p>The city has recognized the historic district in its zoning, required architectural review of any significant construction within it, and initiated and encouraged many efforts to redevelop portions of it. Many properties remain abandoned and neglected, and in 1996 the National Trust for Historic Preservation listed the district as one of Americas Most Endangered Places. As of 2007 it saw the districts outlook as favorable after the River City Development Corporation, a Community Development Corporation, obtained federal grants to rehabilitate some of the old row houses into affordable housing. In 1999 the Preservation League of New York State added a portion of the district to its "Seven to Save" list, since freed slaves congregated and lived around a nearby African Methodist Episcopal Zion church and the neighborhood in question, along Parmenter Street in the "village" portion of Newburgh, is one of the oldest African-American neighborhoods in the state.</p><br>
<p>In April of 2017 a $15 million "scattered site" development project using a combination of state/federal Low Income Housing and Historic Tax Credits was underway. "" by Kingston-based not for profit in cooperation with The will restore 15 buildings and transform the properties into 45 affordable rental apartments to assist middle income families, artists, veterans and the homeless. The revitalization project is expected to be completed by Sept. 2018, with first tenants arriving in late 2017. http://spectrumlocalnews.com/nys/hudson-valley/news/2017/04/7/rupco-begins--15-million-core-revitalization-project-in-the-city-of-newburgh</p><br>
<p>Salona, in McLean, Virginia, is a parcel of land with frontage on Dolley Madison Boulevard, Buchanan Street and Kurtz Road. The Salona homestead and grounds comprise 7.8 acre within the 52.4 acre site, and is protected in perpetuity by a 1971 easement to the Fairfax Board of Supervisors. The Salona agreement places an additional 41 acre under a new conservation easement that The Northern Virginia Conservation Trust will enforce in perpetuity. Within the new easement, 10 acre will be placed in active recreational use, with the remainder used for passive recreation, such as trails. The easement allows for preservation and interpretation of natural and cultural resources on the property. The property owners, the DuVal family, retain the approximately 3 acre remaining of the 52.4 acre site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Salona derives its name from the circa 1805 homestead associated with this site. Salona is culturally significant on local, state and national levels. It was the home of Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee, the Revolutionary War hero; it was to Salona that Dolley Madison fled in 1814 when British troops were burning the White House; and, during the Civil War, Salona</p><br>
<p>served as a part of the headquarters for the Union Army. Its role in history has been noted as the house is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h3>Origins</h3><br>
<p>The property was acquired through marriage by Robert E. Lee’s father, Henry Lee. Henry Lee served as governor of Virginia in 1791 and went on to serve two terms in Congress. The stately brick manor house, which is currently undergoing renovations, was constructed between 1790 and 1810.</p><br>
<h3>Salona during the War of 1812</h3><br>
<p>In August 1814 British troops attacked Washington, D.C., causing President James Madison to flee. During this British invasion of Washington, President Madison and his wife Dolley received hospitality at Salona. President Madison was separated from Dolley, who found him at Salona the next day. Route 123 is known to locals as Dolley Madison Boulevard because of that event.</p><br>
<h3>Salona during the Civil War</h3><br>
<p>Camp Griffin occupied Salona (then owned by Jacob Smoot) and surrounding properties from October 1861 until March 1862, with the mansion house serving as headquarters for General William Smith and other Union commanders.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation efforts</h2><br>
<p>The conservation easement preserves one of the last sizeable open spaces in McLean. Within the new easement, 10 acre will be placed in active recreational use with the remainder used for passive recreation such as trails (providing a critical link to the Pimmit Run Trail system). The easement will also allow for preservation and interpretation of natural and cultural resources on the property. The easement prevents any residential construction on the property in perpetuity, and the Park Authority has the right of first refusal to own the Salona property outright. The cost of the conservation easement ($16.1 million) is less than half of the appraised (highest and best use) value of the property. The has the role of easement enforcement, and collaborated on the acquisition of the easement.</p><br>
<p>Kingscote is a Gothic Revival mansion and house museum at Bowery Street and Bellevue Avenue in Newport, Rhode Island. Designed by Richard Upjohn and built in 1839, Kingscote was one of the first summer "cottages" constructed in Newport, and is now a National Historic Landmark. It was later twice remodeled and extended, by George Champlin Mason and Stanford White. It was owned by the King family from 1863 until 1972, when it was given to the Preservation Society of Newport County.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>George Noble Jones, a southern plantation owner who owned the El Destino Plantation and Chemonie Plantation, constructed this Gothic Revival style summer cottage along a farm path known as Bellevue Avenue. Designed by Richard Upjohn, the house is an early example of the picturesque Gothic Revival style, with in irregular and busy roofline with many gables and chimneys, and elaborate Gothic detailing. Although built of wood, it was originally painted in beige-colored paint mixed with sand, giving it a textured appearance of sandstone.</p><br>
<p>At the outbreak of the American Civil War, the Jones family permanently left Newport, and the house was sold in 1864 to William Henry King, an Old China Trade merchant. King&#39;s nephew David leased the house in 1876, and embarked on a series of alterations. He hired Newport architect George Champlin Mason to build a larger dining room, and to build a new service wing, and had the interior redecorated by the New York firm of Leon Marcotte. He also introduced gas lighting to the premises.</p><br>
<p>In December 1880, David King hired Stanford White of McKim, Mead and White to design a new addition to the house, including a new dining room with opalescent glass bricks purchased from Louis Comfort Tiffany, as well as new master bedrooms and a nursery. These alterations, although greatly enlarging on Upjohn&#39;s original design, retained the fundamental Gothic Revival character of the building.</p><br>
<p>The King family owned the house until 1972, when the last descendant bequeathed it to the Preservation Society. The bequest included all of the original furnishings as of about 1880. Today, Kingscote is a National Historic Landmark (NHL) and a contributing property to the Bellevue Avenue Historic District, also an NHL. The house is a rare survivor of a Gothic Revival house with original family furnishings still remaining.</p><br>
<p>The John B. Castleman Monument, within the Cherokee Triangle of Louisville, Kentucky, was unveiled on November 8, 1913. The model, selected from a competition to which numerous sculptors contributed, was designed by R. Hinton Perry of New York, and the statue was erected at a cost of $15,000 by popular subscription from city, state and other commonwealths.</p><br>
<p>The statue is made of bronze, and rests on a granite pedestal. It stands 15-feet high, with a base of 12×20 feet.</p><br>
<p>John Breckinridge Castleman founded the American Saddlebred Horse Association and served as its president for almost 25 years, was president of the Louisville Board of Park Commissioners, a Confederate officer during the American Civil War, and later a USA Army officer in charge of the Louisville Legion, and fought in the Spanish–American War.</p><br>
<p>The monument was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 17, 1997, as part of the Civil War Monuments of Kentucky MPS.</p><br>
<p>The Kentucky historical marker near the base of the statue reads, on one side, "John B. Castleman - Soldier. Castleman, one of Morgan&#39;s men, led attempt in 1864 to free CSA prisoners at Camp Morton. He was imprisoned until the end of the war, exiled, then pardoned by President Johnson. A native of Fayette Co., he came here in 1867. Colonel, Louisville Legion, 1st Regt., Ky. State Guard, reorganized in 1878. Served with 1st Regt. as Brigadier General in Puerto Rico, 1898-99." The other side reads, "John B. Castleman-Citizen - After the Civil War, Castleman studied law and graduated from University of Louisville in 1868. Known as Father of Louisville Park System, he was responsible for Cherokee, Shawnee, Iroquois and Central parks. Castleman also organized and was president of American Saddle Horse Assn., 1892. Appointed Adjutant General by both governors Knott and Beckham."</p><br>
<p>The horse which Castleman rides on the statue was based on his beloved mare, Carolina. His most familiar appearance in Louisville, either at the head of the Louisville Legion or pursuant of his labors as president of the Board of Park Commissioners, was on the back of a five-gaited horse.</p><br>
<p>Only this monument and the John Hunt Morgan Memorial in Lexington, Kentucky are Civil War monuments in Kentucky with equestrians.</p><br>
<p>On the night of August 12-13, 2017, the statue and the historical marker near it were disfigured with red paint.</p><br>
<p>Loch Kinord is a small, freshwater loch at Muir of Dinnet, Aberdeenshire, Scotland just north of the River Dee and 5 mi east of Ballater. The loch is also known as Loch Ceander and Loch Cannor. It is approximately 1 mi in length and was formed from a glacial kettle hole.</p><br>
<p>The loch sits within the Muir of Dinnet National Nature Reserve and is immediately south of Loch Davan.</p><br>
<p>It contains several islets, as noted in a 19th-century book giving a brief description of the loch, and is forested with birch trees.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Due to its shallowness, light penetrates to the loch floor. Consequently, many species of aquatic plants exist including water lobelia, quillwort and shoreweed. In the summer white water lilies bloom on the loch. Around the perimeter reeds, sedges, horsetails, bulrushes and willow scrub are found and a beechwood forest fringes the edge. The loch is also home to pike, otters, goldeneye ducks, migrating geese and other wildfowl.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology and history</h2><br>
<p>An iron age crannog was built on the loch, probably for defensive purposes. Oak tree trunks were driven into the loch bed and stones built up around them. A hut</p><br>
<p>was then built on top of the structure. One of the remaining crannogs can be seen as a small island covered with trees.</p><br>
<p>On the north shore stands a 9th-century, cross slab Pictish stone. It is carved with intricate knot work and indicates that there may have been a small monastery or chapel located nearby. At some point in history, the cross was lost and buried however it was dug up again 1820’s and erected at Aboyne Castle. In 1959 it was returned to its current location.</p><br>
<p>During the period when the Romans were in Britain (80 - 399 CE) a fort was built on the southern promontory in response to rumours of a Roman invasion.</p><br>
<p>The castle, which used to stand on one of the islets, was first known to have been recorded as a refuge for the Earl of Atholl after the Battle of Culblean in 1335.</p><br>
<p>There have been archaeological finds at the loch including a medieval bronze jug.</p><br>
<p>A history of the loch was published by the Reverend John Grant Michie in 1877 and has been reprinted on at least two occasions.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>There is a circular walking route around the loch with vantage points for bird watching and wildlife spotting. The starting point for the walk is Burn O&#39;Vat car park on the Ballater to Aboyne road</p><br>
<p>Since 2009 the Kinord Hall Committee has organised a 10 kilometre run around the loch. The first race was held on Saturday 24 October 2009.</p><br>
<p>Six Striped Rustic - a film which heavily features the loch by artist Chris Dooks was made in 2013, commissioned by Woodend Barn Arts in Banchory as part of their Atomic Doric season of cultural works about the area.</p><br>
<h2>Survey</h2><br>
<p>The loch was surveyed on 10 July 1905 by T.N. Johnston and L.W. Collett and later charted as part of the Sir John Murray&#39;s Bathymetrical Survey of Fresh-Water Lochs of Scotland 1897-1909.</p><br>
<p>Wakae Island, or Wakaejima is an artificial island, the oldest in Japan, now in ruins. The name means "Waka Bay Island" from Waka, Zaimokuza&#39;s old name . Its remains are located at the east end of Zaimokuza Beach near Kamakura and are still visible at low tide. It was built in 1232 and, in spite of its state of disrepair, it has been declared a national Historic Site because it is the sole surviving example of an artificial harbor from the Kamakura Period.</p><br>
<p>Although its component stones have sunk in the sand, its general contour is still clearly visible when the tide is low as a mound about 200m long. On its northern side there used to be several stone pillars used to moor ships in port call to avoid strong southern winds, but they are now all lost.</p><br>
<p>On the beach, a large rock surmounted by a black stele marks the position of the former port. The stele, erected by the Kamakuramachi Seinendan (Kamakura Youth Club) in 1924, explains in Japanese the history of the site and its importance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the Kamakura Shogunate, Sagami Bay was busy with trading ships, but the shallowness of the bay made the use of barges indispensable. Accidents between ships were common and it was therefore decided to build a port. A priest named Ōamidabutsu applied for permission from the Shogunate to build an artificial port in the area. Permission was granted in 1232.</p><br>
<p>In its first form, the harbor functioned as both a breakwater and a wharf and was built with large stones laid as a foundation, with smaller stones on top. It was later extended gradually and repaired several times until the end of the Edo Period, when it was abandoned.</p><br>
<h2>Text on the stele</h2><br>
<p>The original inscription is in old-fashioned Japanese. Here follows a translation of the text based on the transcription in modern Japanese provided by the Kamakura Citizen Net.</p><br>
<p>"Waka" is the former name of todays Zaimokuza. This place used to be a harbor where timber was collected and shipped and, for this reason, the towns name changed soon to the present one.</p><br>
<p>Wakae Island was an embankment built to avoid the destruction by the waves of Waka&#39;s harbor. 768 years ago, a priest named Oamidabutsu asked permission for its building and, with the support of Moritsuna, work was started on July 15th and ended on August 9th.</p><br>
<p>Erected in March 1924 - The Kamakura Youth Club</p><br>
<p>The New York, Ontario, and Western Railroad Passenger Station is located on Institution Road, between Eastern Correctional Facility and Rondout Creek, near Napanoch, New York, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built by the New York, Ontario and Western Railway (O&W) in 1903 for the dual purpose of bringing tourists to Napanoch and inmates to the newly established prison. A branch from Ellenville to Kerhonkson was opened in 1902, following the recently abandoned Delaware and Hudson Canal, a portion of which survives just west of the station building. A temporary station at the present site served passengers while the New York City firm of Jackson, Rosencrans & Canfield designed and built a permanent station in a Classical Revival style.</p><br>
<p>O&W passenger service ended in the 1953, and the original domed roof had deteriorated to the point that it was replaced with the current tiled version. Trackage was dismantled in 1957 when the O&W was liquidated.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>The station became the property of the state Department of Correctional Services, which owned the surrounding land as part of the prison property.</p><br>
<p>It was later renovated and reopened as a museum devoted to its past and the O&W. A small section of track was restored, with several railroad artifacts on display.</p><br>
<p>Piedras del Tunjo  is an important archaeological park established on a natural rock shelter 40 km west of Bogotá in the city of Facatativá.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>In the Late Pleistocene, the site used to be the shore of a large lake flooding the Bogotá savanna; Lake Humboldt. It was used by the Muisca rulers as a refuge during the time of the Spanish conquest. The site is one of the possible places where the soldiers of Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada killed the ruling zipa Tisquesusa in April 1537.</p><br>
<p>The rocks are covered with pictographs made by Muisca artists on rocks of the Guadalupe Group. Their age has not been confirmed. The area of the park used to be an hacienda, property of a wealthy family since colonial times. It was nationalized in 1946 to establish the park.</p><br>
<h3>Destruction of the ancient pictographs</h3><br>
<p>Decades of government negligence and lack of policies for the protection of archaeological heritage have resulted in the destruction of most of the ancient paintings.</p><br>
<p>Fort Abercrombie State Historical Park, also known as the Fort Abercrombie State Historic Site, is an Alaska state park on Kodiak Island, Alaska. It includes 182 acre of land at the end of Miller Point, located on the eastern shore of Kodiak Island northeast of the city of Kodiak. The park, established in 1969, is noted for its historical World War II fortifications and its scenery, which includes bluffs overlooking the ocean, spruce forests, and meadows. The site was named in honor of the early Alaska explorer and United States Army officer Lt. Col. William R. Abercrombie. The fortifications, whose surviving elements include gun emplacements, underground magazines, and foundational remnants of buildings, were built in 1941 and abandoned after the war ended, having seen no action.</p><br>
<p>The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, and was included in the National Historic Landmark designation of the Kodiak Naval Operating Base and Forts Greely and Abercrombie in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Park facilities include a campground (best suited for tent camping as the park&#39;s narrow and winding roads make RV access difficult), a group camping area, a picnic area, and hiking trails.</p><br>
<h2>Kodiak Military History Museum</h2><br>
<p>The Kodiak Military History Museum is a private military museum located in Fort Abercrombie State Historical Park. The museum is located in the restored Ready Ammunition bunker on Miller Point.</p><br>
<p>The Hoornbeek Store Complex is a Registered Historic Place in the hamlet of Napanoch, New York, United States. It consists of several buildings located on a one-acre  parcel on Main Street between Clinton and Church streets. They reflect Napanoch&#39;s transition from its original settlement into the Delaware and Hudson Canal era, and the move from Federal style to Greek Revival as the dominant style in American architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>There are three main buildings in the complex, erected over a 30-year period. The oldest is the William Doll House, built around 1810 in the Federal style house by a local physician and his family. It boasts five bays and an unusual eight-panel door. The interior features some of the original fabrics, as well as later renovations, such as the staircase, that reflect Greek Revival fashions. It remains in use today as a private home.</p><br>
<p>In 1833 the Hoornbeek Store was constructed to the south by Richard and George Southwick. They had been buying land in the area to take advantage of business from through traffic on the canal, which had opened five years earlier to carry coal from Northeastern Pennsylvania to Kingston, where it could be loaded on boats traveling down the Hudson River for New York City. Its Greek Revival features include the front porch with five heavy pillars, massive cornice and tall frieze. Four years after it was opened, it was connected to the Doll House via a small addition when Doll bought out the Southwicks during foreclosure proceedings. Later owners in the 20th century added the second-story porches. Today it is vacant.</p><br>
<p>The last main structure, the Napanoch Female Seminary, was built in 1841 by Gabriel Ludlum, who had leased the store from Doll. It is a simple two-story clapboard frame house, with unusual window locations due to its original use as a girls school, with the schoolmasters quarters on the ground floor and students housed upstairs. At one point it, too, was connected to the store; probably in 1856 when Ludlum bought out Doll and became the sole owner of the complex. That connection was demolished in the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Scattered around the property are several outbuildings. These fulfilled service functions for customers and residents, such as an ice house, stables, wagon and feed shed.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ludlum leased the store and house to John Decker and Eli DuBois, who operated the former as a combination of shops and tavern and the latter as a hotel. In 1864 they bought the property from him and refurbished it, then sold the house and store to the Hoornbeek family in 1867. It would remain in their hands for over a century, giving it its popular local name.</p><br>
<p>Calvin Hoornbeek operated the complex as a combination of shops and apartments and willed to his son L.D.B. when he died in 1890. He continued the business, living in the house and running the store, and in 1925 became the first person since Ludlum to own the whole complex when he bought the seminary building, which had passed through several owners since then. He rented it out as a single-family residence and continued to operate the store until his death in 1940. Various sons and daughters continued to live there until the last died in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Waldwic, also known as the William M. Spencer, III, House, is a historic Carpenter Gothic plantation house and historic district located on the west side of Alabama Highway 69, south of Gallion, Alabama. Waldwic is included in the Plantation Houses of the Alabama Canebrake and Their Associated Outbuildings Multiple Property Submission. The main house and plantation outbuildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 22, 1994.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The main house was built in 1840 for Robert Gracey and then was expanded and renovated in the Gothic Revival style in 1852. The Waldwic property was originally within Marengo County, but this portion of Marengo was added to Hale County upon its creation in 1867. Robert Gracey&#39;s granddaughter, Bertha Gracey Steele, married at Waldwic in 1889 to William Micajah Spencer. He was a lawyer and was elected to the Alabama Senate in 1901. The house is one of only about twenty Gothic Revival residential structures remaining in Alabama. Other historic Gothic Revival residences in the area include Ashe Cottage in Demopolis and Fairhope Plantation in Uniontown.</p><br>
<p>The Canal de Marseille is a major source of drinking water for the city of Marseille, the largest city in Provence, France. The canal&#39;s length along its main artery is 80 km - though there is an additional 160 km of minor arteries - and it services the entire district of Marseille. It took fifteen years of construction under the direction of the engineer Franz Mayor de Montricher, and was opened on July 8, 1849. It represents a significant achievement in nineteenth century engineering, combining bridges, tunnels, and reservoirs to create a canal over mountainous terrain. Until 1970, it was almost the sole water source for Marseille and currently provides two-thirds of the city&#39;s drinking water.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Marseille, located along the hilly Mediterranean seafront is only crossed by one irregular river, the Huveaune River, and its tributary, the. The waters were canalized in the 14th century, but over time became an open sewer. Water quality continued to decline and the distribution suffered due to lack of maintenance on the network.</p><br>
<p>Further, since the river suffered from a weak flow droughts were devastating to the region. For example, in 1834 the river nearly dried out completely and only 1 l was available per person, per day. In the 1830s, Marseille began to experience rapid population growth and in 1832-1835 epidemics of cholera convinced elected officials to act to restore health and ensure an appropriate quantity of water for the city.</p><br>
<p>This cholera epidemic caused the deaths of approximately 100,000 people throughout France. Originally of Asian origin, the disease spread along the Ganges valley in 1826, then the Caspian and Volga in 1829. In 1830, the disease overtook Moscow and Poland, and Hamburg in 1831. In March 1832, cholera reached Paris, where 18,000 died, and decimated the population in Haute-Provence. In July 1833, the epidemic reached Marseille. By December 1834, 865 were dead and in 1835 the death toll numbered 2,500.</p><br>
<p>These epidemics revived the residents&#39; fears of the Great Plague of Marseille, which had occurred a little more than a century before and caused around 100,000 deaths. In July 1833, 30,000 Marseillaise gathered in the city center to protest the sanitary conditions.</p><br>
<p>Maximin-Dominica Consolat, mayor of Marseille from 1832 to 1843, decided in 1834 to improve conditions, "no matter what it costs." The decision was made to bring in water from the nearest large river, the Durance. However, the distance was substantial and the river was separated from Marseille by mountain chains (chaîne des Côtes, plateau de lArbois, massif de lÉtoile). The plan called for water to be captured quite high on the Durance and thus harness gravity to overcome the mountainous terrain and arrive in Marseille at the highest point of the city, Saint-Antoine (150 m). Hence allowing water service to the entire community.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The building of the canal took 15 years, from 1839–1854 and covered 80 km of which 17 km were underground. The canal also traverses 18 bridges.</p><br>
<p>Indeed, a major challenge faced was passing the canal over the valley of the Arc, which has an altitude of less than 100 m between Aix-en-Provence and the Etang de Berre. The project&#39;s chief engineer, Franz Mayor de Montricher, rejected the proposal of a bridge-trap and decided instead to build an aqueduct where the escarpments on either side of the valley were closest at 400 m: this would become the Roquefavour Aqueduct at Ventabren, inspired by the Roman architectural work Pont du Gard. Since then, the Roquefavour Aqueduct, which is 393 m long, has been regarded as one of the main tourist attractions of the Aix-en-Provence region.</p><br>
<p>The canal is mostly constructed of concrete, although some portions are created from stone or brick. The canal&#39;s flow is 10 m&sup3; per second, the slope is.36 m per 1 km. The width at the top is 9.4 m, and the width at the basin is 3 m.</p><br>
<p>Water began flowing through the partially unfinished canal on November 19, 1849 in Marseille. Between 1854 and 1869, 77 km of pipes, tanks, and basins were constructed, allowing access to water throughout Marseille and the neighboring communes of Plan-de-Cuques, Allauch, and Aubagne.</p><br>
<p>Despite the doubling of the population in the next forty years, Marseille in 1876 had over thirty times more water per capita: 370 l for domestic usage and 660 l for industrial activities, daily.</p><br>
<h2>Through the Bouches-du-Rhone</h2><br>
<p>The initial intake of the canal from the Durance was at the bridge "Pertuis" in the Vaucluse at an elevation of 185 m and 50 km from Marseille. From there, the canal travels west to Lew Puy-Sainte-Réparade, then northwest to Saint-Estève-Janson. Then the canal continues north-west to the bridge Cadenet, where it feeds the pondSt. Christopher.</p><br>
<p>The route then clings to the hills, passes over La Roque-d&#39;Anthéron and Charleval, and then exits the Durance and EDF, turns to the south and enters a long tunnel under the west end of the chaîne des Côtes, a mountain range.</p><br>
<p>After Lambesc, the canal&#39;s path becomes more complex: many bridges and tunnels are required to travel the valleys and near Coudoux. The canal travels around the hill of Ventabren, and comes to the River Arc, where it enters the Roquefavour Aqueduct. Near this area, the Paris-Marseille high speed railway line passes it, and the railway bridge structure has been designed to harmonize with the aqueduct.</p><br>
<p>A 3 km tunnel crosses under the southern Arbois plain until the canal enters the treatment plant Giraudets. Finally, the water flows into a 2 km entrance lead into Marseille.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<h3>Water Quality</h3><br>
<p>Today, the canal is no longer the sole water source for Marseille. The Canal de Provence, an almost completely underground network of canals from the Verdon River built in the 1970s now brings water to not only Marseille, but also Aix-en-Provence and Toulon. Today, this water amounts for approximately two-thirds of the water brought into Marseille, the remaining third comes from the Verdon through Provence. Both sources are interconnected.</p><br>
<p>The water is treated in two water treatment facilities, Sainte-Marthe and Saint-Barnabé. The main operations performed by the treatment facilities are pre-chlorination, clarification by flocculation with a coagulant, sand filtration and disinfection with ozone and chlorine. In 2006 the health authority of Marseille carried out a number of tests on the water quality determining that the canal&#39;s water conformed to all required norms. In 2009 a young mother & her baby where found dead in their apartment: the culprit was chlorine gas from the water supply. This led to a city-wide survey of the gasses in system, although not before others where admitted to hospital from all over the city.</p><br>
<h3>Administration</h3><br>
<p>The canal was operated by the city of Marseille from 1849 to 1941. However, following the destructive fire of the "Nouvelles Galeries"&#39;store November 1938, in which 73 people died, the city government was put under trusteeship, and due to this, the operation of the canal was entrusted to the Société d’études des eaux de Marseille (SEEM) (Society for the study of the Marseille Water) and Raoul Dautry, who had assisted in the creation of the SNCF was named the first president.</p><br>
<p>Since then SEEM, held equally by Veolia Environnement and Lyonnais des eaux, has controlled the canal&#39;s operation.</p><br>
<h3>Support and maintenance</h3><br>
<p>Upon entering the treatment facility at Sainte-Marthe in the 14th arrondissement, the canal water is filtered at the le bassin du Merlan before exiting the structure to enter the distribution network of Marseille. However, the canal does not only serve sanitary purposes. Historically, the structure assisted in irrigating fields for farmers and gardeners and greatly boosted the growth of gardening in the district.</p><br>
<p>The canal&#39;s offshoot irrigation ditches are controlled by the aygadiers, who have the right to cross private property in order to assist in the repair and operation of the canal. The focus of SEEM and the aygadiers has recently been on centring the use of the canal on drinking water. Therefore, irrigation rights are not being renewed and the municipality is providing pressured-water instead.</p><br>
<p>Furthermore, the canal authority employs 15 chercheurs de fuite (French: literally "searchers of leaks") who are responsible for finding leaks in the distribution system. As assistance, the chercheurs utilize geophones which amply sound up to 400 times. These employees have allowed the efficiency of the canal to raise to 85%.</p><br>
<h3>Security</h3><br>
<p>The canal outside of Marseille proper is open to the air and can be followed along the road, except for the subterranean portions. However, within the city limits, efforts are being made to cover the canal, prompted by safety concerns over the unpredictable nature of the waters flow following valve openings and the steep and slippery walls. In addition, there are ongoing campaigns aimed at adding fences, lifelines, and barriers, and posting warning signs along the canals route</p><br>
<h3>As tourist site and cultural attraction</h3><br>
<p>The canal passes through many picturesque regions of Provence and contains bicycle and walking paths along its route.</p><br>
<p>Notable remarkable sites include:</p><br>
<p>The aqueduc de Roquefavour, near Aix-en-Provence</p><br>
<p>The palais Longchamp, an historic monument in the center of Marseille</p><br>
<p>The réservoir de Sainte-Marthe</p><br>
<p>The banks of the canal along the Plateau d&#39;Arbois.</p><br>
<h4>Marcel Pagnol</h4><br>
<p>French novelist Marcel Pagnol refers to the canal in his memoirs, Le Château de ma mère, where his father is given a key which enables him to enter the canal through private property and thus shorten his journey. However, the truth of this claim is doubted.</p><br>
<p>Sollipulli is an ice-filled volcanic caldera and associated volcanic complex, which lies about south of the small town of Melipeuco in the La Araucanía Region, Chile. It is part of the Southern Volcanic Zone of the Andes, one of the four volcanic belts in the Andes chain. Here Sollipulli is among the 118 volcanoes which have been active in recent history.</p><br>
<p>The volcano has evolved in close contact with glacial ice. It differs from many calderas in that Sollipulli appears to have collapsed in a non-explosive manner. The age of collapse is not yet known, but it is presently filled with ice to thicknesses of 650 m. The ice drains through two glaciers in the west and the north of the caldera.</p><br>
<p>Sollipulli has developed on a basement formed by Mesozoic and Cenozoic geological formations and is part of an older volcanic chain called the Nevados de Sollipulli.</p><br>
<p>Sollipulli has been active in the Pleistocene and Holocene. A large Plinian eruption occurred 2,960 - 2,780 years before present, forming the Alpehué crater and generating a high eruption column and ignimbrite deposits. The last activity occurred 710 ± 60 years before present and formed the Chufquén scoria cone on the northern flank.</p><br>
<h2>Geomorphology and geography</h2><br>
<p>Sollipulli lies in the Araucania Region, Cautín Province, Melipeuco commune. The Sollipulli edifice sensu stricto is in the western part of the Nevados de Sollipulli mountain range, which is bordered to the north, south and east by river valleys. The comunes of Curarrehue, Cunco, Panguipulli, Pucon and Villarrica are in the area, and 20 km northwest lies the town Melipeuco.</p><br>
<h3>Regional</h3><br>
<p>Sollipulli is part of the Southern Volcanic Zone of the Andes, one of the four belts of volcanoes which are found in the Andes. The other three are the Northern Volcanic Zone, the Central Volcanic Zone (both north of the Southern Volcanic Zone) and the Austral Volcanic Zone (south of the Southern Volcanic Zone). These volcanic zones are separated by gaps where there is no volcanic activity and the subduction of the Pacific Ocean crust is shallower than at the volcanic zones. About 60 volcanoes have erupted in historical time in the Andes, and 118 further edifices have had eruptions in the Holocene.</p><br>
<p>About 60 volcanoes exist in the Southern Volcanic Zone, among these are Cerro Azul and Cerro Hudson with experienced large eruptions in 1932 and 1991 that resulted in the emission of substantial volumes of ash. The volcanoes Llaima and Villarrica have been regularly active during recent history.</p><br>
<h3>Local</h3><br>
<p>Sollipulli is a stratovolcano, which has one 4 km wide caldera on its summit and southwest of it the 1 km wide Alpehué crater. The crater is draped by pyroclastic flow deposits and its rim reaches a height of 200 m. The rims of the caldera rise 150 m above the ice in the caldera; the highest summit of Sollipulli lies on the southern flank of the caldera and reaches an elevation of 2,282 m above sea level. On the southern and eastern side the caldera is bordered by several lava domes. The caldera most likely was not formed by a large explosive eruption, given the absence of any deposits that might relate to such an eruption.</p><br>
<p>The volcano is constructed by lava flows, lava domes, scoria, pillow lavas as well as pumice falls, pyroclastics and other material. The edifice has a volume of about 85 km3 and covers a surface area of about 250 km&sup2, and radial valleys extend away from the top. A number of particular landforms on Sollipulli formed under the influence of glacial ice, such as the caldera structure.</p><br>
<p>The Nevados de Sollipulli mountain chain west of the Sollipulli caldera are a chain of volcanoes which is heavily eroded. They are formed by breccia and lava flows; glacial action has left cirques. Closer to the caldera they are better preserved, with individual flows issuing from fissure vents. This chain is one of several east-northeast striking volcano alignments in the Southern Volcanic Zone, the regional tectonics favour magma ascent along such alignments.</p><br>
<p>The flanks of the volcano are covered by lava flows, which gives them irregular contours. Glaciers and streams have cut valleys into the slopes and smoothed the lava flows. Two scoria cones are situated on the northern flank, Chufquén and Redondo, each associated with lava flows; about a dozen such craters dot the flanks of the volcano.</p><br>
<h4>Glaciers</h4><br>
<p>Both the main caldera and the Alpehué crater contain glaciers, which in the caldera reached a thickness of 650 m in 1992; the total volume has been estimated at 6 km3 in 1992. These glaciers feature typical ice structures such as crevasses and there may be a subglacial lake in the caldera. Three lakes are found in the caldera at its margins, the easterly Sharkfin lake, the southeasterly Dome lake and the southwesterly Alpehué lake. These glaciers drain to the north and northwest; the latter glacier flows from the caldera through the Alpehué crater into the valley of the same name, which is drained by the Rio Alpehué into the Rio Allipén river. Other than the caldera and crater glaciers, the only snow cover on Sollipulli is seasonal.</p><br>
<p>The glacier within the caldera of Sollipulli is shrinking, its surface area decreased between 1961 and 2011 and the Alpehuén outlet glacier retreated by 1.3 km. The process of glacier retreat is probably accelerated by ash being deposited on the glacier through eruptions at the neighbouring volcano Puyehue-Cordón Caulle; activity at the other volcanoes Llaima and Villarrica may have the same effect. In 2011, the volume of the glacier was 4.5 ±. Melting of the glacier risks generating lahars and putting water supplies in the region into jeopardy.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Subduction has been ongoing on the western side of South America since 185 million years ago and has resulted in the formation of the Andes and volcanic activity. About 27 million years ago, the Farallon Plate broke up and the pace of subduction increased, resulting in increased volcanic activity and at least temporarily tectonic spreading in the Southern Andes.</p><br>
<p>Sollipulli volcano developed on a 600 - high basement which consists of the Jurassic-Cretaceous Nacientes del Biobío formation and the Pliocene-Pleistocene Nevados de Sollipulli volcanics, with subordinate exposures of the Miocene Curamallín and the Cretaceous-Tertiary Vizcacha-Cumilao complex volcano-sedimentary formations. Miocene granites are intruded into the basement.</p><br>
<h3>Composition</h3><br>
<p>Rocks erupted from Sollipulli range from basalt over basaltic andesite and andesite to dacite. Composition has changed over the evolution of the volcano; sometimes one type of rock is found as inclusion in another. Minerals contained in the rocks include apatite, clinopyroxene, ilmenite, olivine, orthopyroxene, plagioclase and titanomagnetite. Xenoliths are also found, including diorite and granophyre.</p><br>
<p>The petrogenesis of the Alpehué rocks has been explained with the penetration of more primitive magma into a dacitic magma chamber, which was then subject to magma mixing. The primitive magmas sometimes pass through the flanks of the edifice and form parasitic vents in these cases.</p><br>
<p>Obsidian was obtained on Sollipulli and exported over large distances; it has been found as far as Argentina&#39;s steppes and northern Chile, and is chemically and in appearance different from obsidian obtained on Chaiten volcano. One source has been identified at a lava dome on the western side of Sollipulli. A route starting south of Melipeuco leads up on the volcano; this route was used for the transport of obsidian in the 1980s.</p><br>
<h2>Vegetation</h2><br>
<p>The region is forested, with deciduous trees including Nothofagus, with laurel forests around the lakes of the area and woods consisting of Araucaria araucana and Austrocedrus chilensis at elevations exceeding 800 m.</p><br>
<h2>Eruption history</h2><br>
<p>Sollipulli was active during the Pleistocene and Holocene; the younger Nevados de Sollipulli are less than 1.8 million years old with argon-argon dating having obtained ages of 490,000 ± 30,000 and 312,000 ± 20,000 years ago. Six separate volcanic units form the edifice; from the oldest to the youngest they are the Sharkfin, Northwest, South, Peak, Alpehué and Chufquén units. The first two may be contemporaneous to the formation of the caldera, or they may predate it. The Sharkfin unit was emplaced in a subglacial environment and later disrupted by faulting, later units show substantial evidence of having been altered by glaciers. Radiometric dates have been obtained on the Sharkfin unit (700,000 ± 140,000 and 350,000 ± 90,000 years before present), the Northwest unit (120,000 ± 16,000, 120,000 ± 140,000, 110,000 ± 30,000 and 100,000 ± 30,000 years before present) and the South and Peak units (68,000 ± 14,000, 64,000 ± 15,000 and 26,000 ± 5,000 years before present). The caldera is nested within an older and eroded caldera, and some parasitic cones are heavily eroded whereas others appear to be younger.</p><br>
<p>Pyroclastic flows from Alpehué have been dated to 2,960 - 2,780 years before present. The Alpehué unit was emplaced during a large Plinian eruption, which generated a 44 km high eruption column and ejected about 7.5 km3 of pumice falls; a layer of tephra identified in an ice core at Siple Dome in Antarctica and dated to about 980 BCE may be a product of the Alpehué eruption. Pyroclastic flows from the eruption melted the caldera ice sheet, forming lahars that propagated northwest away from Sollipulli. Ignimbrites from this eruption cover surfaces of at least 40 km&sup2; around Sollipulli, their volume has been estimated to be about 0.4 km3. They are brown to grey in colour and unwelded with the exception of part of the ignimbrite that is emplaced within the Alpehué crater. The eruption reached a level of 5 on the volcanic explosivity index.</p><br>
<p>Radiocarbon dating at Chufquén has yielded an age of 710 ± 60 years before present. This eruption deposited ash onto the caldera ice, while it is absent from the central parts of the Chufquén valley; either it was removed by a later glacier advance or it landed on a glacier which later retreated. The eruption occurred relatively recently, indicating that Sollipulli is a still active volcano.</p><br>
<h2>Hazards</h2><br>
<p>The substantial ice body in the caldera means that there is a significant risk of mudflows or glacier bursts in the case of renewed activity. A repeat of the Alpehué eruption would be a regional catastrophe, comparable to the 1991 eruption of Cerro Hudson volcano.</p><br>
<p>The Chilean geological service SERNAGEOMIN monitors the volcano and publishes a hazard index for it. The towns of Cunco, Melipeuco and Villa García are close to the volcano.</p><br>
<p>The Leffingwell Camp Site, on Flaxman Island, 58 mi west of Barter Island on the Arctic Coast of Alaska, was used by polar explorer and geologist Ernest de Koven Leffingwell on his pioneering Anglo-American Polar Expedition of 1906–1908, which aimed to explore the Beaufort Sea. The expedition&#39;s ship, the Duchess of Bedford, was allowed to become locked in ice which eventually destroyed it.</p><br>
<p>The camp site was chosen before the ship was locked in ice, and was not merely the nearest landfall. The site was used by Leffingwell over several years, beyond the end of that expedition.</p><br>
<p>Leffingwell created the first accurate map of a section of Alaskan coastline. He was the first to scientifically describe permafrost and to pose theories about permafrost which have largely proven true. He accurately identified the oil potential of the area, including assessing that it was not, in his day, technologically or economically feasible to develop it.</p><br>
<p>Following the destruction of the Duchess of Bedford, Leffingwell "returned to civilization in the fall of 1908, as the guest of Capt. George B. Leavitt." Leffingwell subsequently named Narwhal Island for the name of Capt. Leavitt&#39;s vessel, the steam New Bedford, Massachusetts-based whaler Narwhal, and bestowed the name of the Maine-born Captain, who married an Inuit woman and settled at Barrow, on Leavitt Island off the Alaska North Slope.</p><br>
<p>The historic integrity of the camp was diminished in the 1930s when some structure was removed by a salvager.</p><br>
<p>The camp was added to the National Register of Historical Places in 1971 and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1978.</p><br>
<p>New Russia  was a maritime fur trading post and penal colony established by Russians in 1796 in what is now Yakutat Borough, Alaska. It was presumably named after the Joseph Billings ship Slava Rossii, or "Glory of Russia". The post was attacked and destroyed by Tlingits in 1805. It consisted of 7 buildings inside a stockade, and 5 buildings outside. The buildings were burnt in 1805, and the site was never again occupied. The events at New Russia represent a pivotal moment in Russian-Tlingit relations.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The site of New Russia is located outside the city of Yakutat on the Phipps Peninsula, a swampy spit of land which forms the southeastern edge of Yakutat Bay. The site is on the south-facing shoreline of the peninsula, wedged between the Pacific Ocean and a group of saltwater lakes called the Ankau Saltchucks. The site is now densely forested, with little visible evidence of human occupation, beyond a single log wall section seen during a state archaeological survey in 1971. The site&#39;s subsurface artifacts include a charcoal layer, clear evidence of significant fire occurring at the site, and it has long been reported locally as a source of other types of artifacts, including cannonballs and iron scraps.</p><br>
<p>New Russia was established in 1796 by the Russian-American Company as one of a series of outposts and settlements that extended as far south as Old Sitka (called Redoubt St. Archangel Michael by the Russians). The Yakutat site was contemplated as a possible site for the capital of Russian America. A settlement group of 192 Russians were finally landed in June 1796; that year they built two large log buildings, a palisade, and a blockhouse.</p><br>
<p>By 1805 the settlement had grown to include seven buildings within the palisade, and five outside, and there was a small shipyard which had built two boats. The settlers continued to be viewed with hostility by the Tlingits, who made occasional attacks on hunting parties. In 1802 the Tlingits launched a major attack on Redoubt St. Archangel Michael, destroying that settlement. Alexander Baranov organized a response to this attack, and used the New Russia site as a launching point for the 1804 operation which resulted in the founding of present-day Sitka. In 1805 the Tlingit attacked the New Russia settlement. It was burned to the ground, and all of its occupants except for a few women and children were slaughtered. The site was never reoccupied.</p><br>
<p>After the attack, the Tlingit successfully prevented the Russians from penetrating into Yakutat Bay, and the area did not receive significant attention. Visiting American traders in the 1870s noted that the site&#39;s cellar holes had trees 2 ft in diameter growing out of them. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Napoleon House, also known as the Mayor Girod House or Nicolas Girod House, is a historic building at 500 Chartres Street in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. Built in 1794 and enlarged in 1814, its name derives from the local legend that it was intended as a residence for Napoleon Bonaparte after his exile. A plan to bring Napoleon to Louisiana was halted by news of his death in 1821.</p><br>
<p>The building was also the home of Nicholas Girod (d. 1840), mayor of New Orleans. One of the city&#39;s finer private residences in the early 19th century, the building housed a local grocery at the start of the 20th century and since 1914 has operated as a restaurant called Napoleon House. The upper floors of the building have been converted to apartments, where some of the original interior decorative elements may still be seen.</p><br>
<p>It was declared to be a National Historic Landmark in 1970, as one of the city&#39;s finest examples of French-influenced architecture. It is a three-story brick stuccoed building, with a dormered hip roof and cupola. Shallow ironwork balconies with austere styling adorn the second floor.</p><br>
<p>The Napoleon House restaurant has an old-time New Orleans atmosphere and serves such traditional dishes as red beans and rice, gumbo, and jambalaya; it has been particularly known among locals for its muffaletta sandwiches. The bar is known for serving its "Pimm&#39;s Cup" cocktail. Classical music is played on the sound system.</p><br>
<p>The Pony Express Terminal, also known as the B. F. Hastings Bank Building, in Sacramento, California, was the western endpoint of the Pony Express. The building was also the first location of the California Supreme Court. It is now part of the Old Sacramento State Historic Park, itself a National Historic Landmark District.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1966.</p><br>
<p>It is located at 1006 2nd St. (according to NRHP) or at 128–132 J Street (according to HABS) in Sacramento.</p><br>
<h2>Wells Fargo History Museum</h2><br>
<p>The building is now home to one of two museums about the history of Wells Fargo in Sacramento. This location features a re-created 19th-century Wells Fargo Express Company office, artifacts of company history and the California Gold Rush era, and exhibits about the company&#39;s role in California Gold Rush commerce.</p><br>
<p>The other Wells Fargo History Museum in Sacramento is located in the Wells Fargo Center.</p><br>
<p>Sitka Spruce Park is a public park in the city of Unalaska, Alaska. The roughly 5 acre park is located on Biorka Drive on Amaknak Island, south of Unalaska Airport. It is one of the few places on the island where there are a significant number of trees. A small part of the park is a National Historic Landmark, as it was the site of the earliest documented afforestation in North America. In 1805, Russian agents planted an unknown number of Sitka spruce trees in the area, of which six were documented to be surviving in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Amaknak Island was naturally treeless, lying well outside the known growing range for trees in either Alaska or Siberia. The forestation attempt was ordered in 1805 by Nikolai Petrovich Rezanov, a principal in the Russian-American Company who had secured a monopoly on the fur trade in the area. It was reported ten years later that only a small number of trees were still alive. In 1834 Bishop Ivan Veniaminov reported that there were 24 trees, several of which were more than 7 ft tall. Veniaminov spearheaded a second forestation effort at a second site on Expedition Island, about 1 mi south of the first site.</p><br>
<p>The site was first documented by a professional botanist in 1899 when Bernhard Fernow visited Unalaska Island with the Harriman Alaska Expedition. At that time there were 19 trees, the tallest over 30 ft. The site has since then been the subject of periodic reports. Prior to World War II there ten trees standing, four of which were probably killed as a result of the United States Army&#39;s partial filling in of a nearby pond with gravel.</p><br>
<p>As of 1975, six of the originally planted trees still stood.</p><br>
<p>Yukon Island is an island in outer Kachemak Bay, an inlet of the Cook Inlet of south central Alaska. The island is located about 9 mi south of Homer. The island is archaeologically sensitive, with a number of sites documenting the prehistory of the bay. The Yukon Island Main Site, a National Historic Landmark, is a major shell midden site at which the pioneering archaeologist Frederica de Laguna was able to sequence 1500 years of the area&#39;s prehistory, and other sites have been found on the island since then. The island is now home to an educational retreat center.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Yukon Island is a heavily wooded island, about 1 mi wide and 1.3 mi long. It has a rocky shoreline with steep, eroding cliffs, and a rugged interior forested with sitka spruce and hemlock. Its highest point has an elevation of about 500 ft. The island subsided by about 2 ft as a result of the 1964 Alaska earthquake, resulting in significant erosion along its shores.</p><br>
<p>The island is located near the south shore of the mouth of Kachemak Bay, an inlet on the east side of Cook Inlet. The bay is a biologically rich environment in comparison to Cook Inlet and the outer shores of the Kenai Peninsula. Its location is of strategic benefit to small craft negotiating the coastline.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>The Main Site on the island was discovered in 1924, at which time ancient female human remains were discovered in an eroding shell midden. The site was investigated in depth by Frederica de Laguna in the 1930s, as a result of which she was able to construct a 1500-year chronology of use. Her work laid the foundation for later research in the region, which has largely confirmed her initial timeline. This site has been a regular subject of archaeological research; it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. This site was particularly affected by the 1964 earthquake, and is subject to erosion.</p><br>
<p>A detailed survey of the island identified five additional midden sites in 1976. One of these, designated SEL-041, has a midden 12 ft deep, with historical refuse on top of it. The midden is part of what is interpreted as a village site, which has yielded radio carbon dates of CE 1100–1300.</p><br>
<h2>Yukon Island Center</h2><br>
<p>The Yukon Island Center is an educational retreat center located on a small portion of the island. Built on land cleared in the 1970s, its construction and opening were delayed by the discovery of archaeological sites at its planned location. Opened in 1991, it hosts education groups of 50–60 people.</p><br>
<p>The George C. Thomas Memorial Library, also known as the North Star Borough Library is a historic former library building at 901 1st Avenue in Fairbanks, Alaska. Built in 1909 with funding from philanthropist George C. Thomas, this log building served Fairbanks as its public library until 1977, when the Noel Wien Public Library was opened. This building was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1978 as the site of a key conference in 1915 between Alaska Native leaders and federal government representatives, at which the Native leaders pressed a number of issues, including the long-running matter of native land claims, which would not be resolved until the 1971 Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Thomas Library building is a square log structure with a hip roof that extends over a porch on two sides. The porch is supported by six log columns on each side, and the building&#39;s main entrance is located at the corner under the porch. Construction of the building was funded by George C. Thomas, a Philadelphia philanthropist who was interested in the missionary work of the Episcopal Church, which had been providing limited library services to Fairbanks since 1904. The building was dedicated on August 5, 1909. The building and library collection were sold to the city of Fairbanks for $1 in 1940, on the condition the building always house a library. The Fairbanks North Star Borough took over operation of the library in 1968. Since the library was moved to new quarters in 1977, the building has seen commercial use.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1978. The latter designation was made in recognition of a significant event in the history of Alaska. On July 5 and 6, 1915, a delegation of Alaska Native leaders met with a committee of United States Government officials and representatives of the Alaska Territory to discuss a variety of concerns. Although the issues ranged to matters of employment, education, the major issue was that of native land claims, which were a significant cloud on many land transactions in the territory. The meeting marked the beginning of a lengthy struggle by the natives for recognition which culminated in the passage in 1971 of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, landmark legislation granting them sweeping rights and compensation.</p><br>
<p>Lake Poukawa is a small shallow hardwater lake in the Hawkes Bay Region, North Island, New Zealand. It is located about 20 km south-west of Hastings, New Zealand, close to the settlement of Te Hauke. It is the largest lake lying within a peatland in the active tectonic Poukawa depression , between the Raukawa Range and Kaokaoroa Range of central Hawkes Bay. Its maximal depth is less than one metre and its diameter is ca. 1.5 km. It was deeper in the past  but it became artificially drained after the 1931 Hawke&#39;s Bay earthquake. Lake Poukawa became a well-known paleontological site in 1956 when paleontologist Russell Price began with his excavations in the lacustrine deposits. Lake Poukawa had a species rich Pleistocene/Holocene waterfowl fauna. More than 13,400 anatid bones were unearthed at this site since 1956. Extinct birds found at Lake Poukawa include Biziura delautouri, Oxyura vantetsi, Mergus australis, Chenonetta finschi, Pachyornis geranoides, Ixobrychus novaezelandiae, Gallinula hodgenorum, Fulica prisca, Malacorhynchus scarletti, and Cnemiornis gracilis.</p><br>
<p>Twelve km south of Lake Poukawa is the Te Aute swamp which is known for its moa fossils and tracks. Lake Poukawa is drained by the Poukawa Stream, which flows north-eastward through the Pekapeka Wetland and eventually into the Clive River.</p><br>
<p>Crank House, also known as Fair Oaks Ranch, is an 1882 Victorian style residence in Altadena, Los Angeles County, California. The house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 for its association with the early settlement of Altadena. . The house has notably featured in films such as Matilda , Scream 2  and Catch Me If You Can .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Eliza Griffin Johnston</h3><br>
<p>The Crank House sits on land, the Fair Oaks Ranch, once owned by Eliza Griffin Johnston, the widow of Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston. Following the death of her husband at the Battle of Shiloh in April 1862, Eliza and her children came to Southern California at the urging of her brother, Dr. John S. Griffin. Griffin had large land holdings in the Los Angeles area and was a business partner of Benjamin D. Wilson in Rancho San Pascual. Wilson was a local land speculator, politician, and also the maternal grandfather of General George S. Patton. Dr. Griffin sold Eliza Griffin Johnston the property for $1,000.</p><br>
<p>Eliza Griffin Johnston named her ranch "Fair Oaks", after her native city in Virginia and also for the stands of Coast live oaks—Quercus agrifloia in the area. When Eliza&#39;s son, Albert II, was killed in a steamship boiler explosion at Wilmington, California in 1864, she left California and returned to Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The ranch was taken over by Benjamin Eaton, father of Frederick Eaton. Benjamin Eaton subdivided the ranch. The southern portion was bought by the Ellises.</p><br>
<h3>James F. Crank</h3><br>
<p>The northern portion was bought by James F. Crank in 1876. Crank came from New York and was impressed with the land, and soon planted citrus orchards and vineyards. Eliza Johnston&#39;s simple wood-frame house was moved to another location on the property, and still stands at 2072 Oakwood Street, Altadena. Crank built a much larger, more palatial home in 1882. The house is a -story wood-frame Victorian mansion.</p><br>
<p>In 1883, Crank invested in the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley Railroad, becoming its president. The rail line ran from Pasadena to downtown Los Angeles. Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley Railroad was sold and consolidated on May 20, 1887 into the California Central Railway. In 1889 this was consolidated into Southern California Railway Company. On Jan. 17, 1906 Southern California Railway was sold to the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway and called the Pasadena Subdivision. Even so, Crank suffered financially, and sold the ranch. It was subdivided in 1910. He donated land for the Raymond Hotel in Pasadena, that had his Pasadena rail station. When the Mr. Crank and his family first came to Cal. they stand at the Sierra Madre Villa Hotel.</p><br>
<p>Gen. Charles S. Farnsworth County Park, also known as Farnsworth Park, is a Los Angeles County park and National Register of Historic Places district  in Altadena, California.</p><br>
<p>The land was purchased by Los Angeles County in 1921 for use as a nursery. When the County built new nurseries in the 1930s, a movement to turn the land into a county park was spearheaded by General Charles S. Farnsworth and William O. Davies. Farnsworth designed the park and supervised its grading and landscaping. Davies began planning for a community center. Funds for the construction of the community center came from grants from the Public Works Administration. The park was completed in 1934. The park was originally named Altadena Park.</p><br>
<p>The park project included a two-story arts and crafts American craftsman style building that was later christened the William D. Davies Memorial Building. The park was renamed in honor of Farnsworth in 1939.</p><br>
<p>It was placed on the Register in 1997 for its significance as a recreation and architecture site.</p><br>
<p>The White Horse Tavern, constructed before 1673 in Newport, Rhode Island, is believed to be the oldest tavern building in the United States."The Architectural Heritage of Newport, Rhode Island" - Page 433</p><br>
<p>by Antoinette Forrester Downing, Vincent Joseph Scully - 1967 It is located on the corner of Farewell and Marlborough streets in Newport.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Frances Brinley constructed the original building on the site in 1652. In 1673, the lot was sold to William Mayes, and the building was enlarged to become a tavern. The building was also used for large meetings, including use as a Rhode Island General Assembly meeting place, a court house, and a city hall. William Mayes, Sr., obtained a tavern license in 1687 and William Mayes, Jr., a well-known pirate, operated the tavern through the early eighteenth century. The operation was named "The White Horse Tavern" in 1730 by owner Jonathan Nichols. During the American Revolution, Tories and British troops were quartered there around the time of the British occupation and the Battle of Rhode Island. After years of neglect as a boarding house, Newport&#39;s Van Bueren family donated money to the private Preservation Society of Newport to restore the building in 1952. After the restoration, the building was sold and once again operated as a private tavern and restaurant. As of 2015, it still remains a popular drinking and dining location.</p><br>
<p>Scripps Hall, also known now as the Pasadena Waldorf School, is a large American Craftsman or Arts and Crafts style house located in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains, in Altadena, California, United States. It was built in 1904 as the central feature of the Scripps Estate, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History and Significance</h2><br>
<p>Scripps Hall was built by William Armiger Scripps. The house is a three story Arts and Crafts style residence designed by architect Charles W. Buchanan. Scripps lived in a small bungalow on his property near the intersection of Mariposa Street and Fair Oaks Avenue in 1904 while his three-story mansion was built. He planted citrus and olive groves on his Scripps Estate located in the community then known as North Pasadena.</p><br>
<p>After William died Scripps Hall was subsequently passed to his grandson. The western portion of the property was subdivided. In 1979, with the residence threatened with demolition, the Altadena Heritage Association coordinated the historic homes sale to the Pasadena Waldorf School, one of many Waldorf Schools around the world. Scripps Hall was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999 under Criterion A for its representation of local history and development patterns (#99000893). The nomination notes that the property is significant for its "design by a well-known local architect, C. W. Buchanan (only one of two of his major works still standing in Altadena); its high state of integrity; its association with a regionally significant long-term original owner, the Scripps family; and its prominence within the historic context of Altadenas residential growth and development during the first decades of the 20th century. It is the most intact example of the estates that once lined Altadenas Millionaires Row."</p><br>
<h2>William A. Scripps</h2><br>
<p>William Armiger Scripps was the son of James Mogg Scripps. His father was a prominent bookbinder in England and came to America in 1844 with six motherless children. Scripps grew up on a Rushville, Illinois farm, where his father remarried. William moved to Detroit, Michigan, where he and his brother George opened a print shop. His other siblings and half-siblings, such as E. W. Scripps and James E. Scripps, owned and operated major newspapers around the country. After the original print shop was destroyed by fire, William Scripps moved to Southern California, being financially supported by the family newspaper empire, the E. W. Scripps Company. Scripps spent some time with his siblings in La Jolla, California, before moving to Altadena in 1904.</p><br>
<p>William Scripps sister was Ellen Browning Scripps, also involved with the founding of the E. W. Scripps Company, who become a prominent philanthropist in founding: the Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Scripps College, and the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden. William also became involved in community philanthropy and founded Scripps Home&#39; in Altadena for the elderly.</p><br>
<p>The Woodbury-Story House is a National Register of Historic Places structure  in Altadena, California. It was placed on the Register in 1993 for its significance as an example of Italianate and Colonial Revival architecture styles and its association with Capt. Frederick Woodbury, one of the founders of Altadena.</p><br>
<p>The home was built in 1882 for Capt. Woodbury, and his wife, Martha. The home was the headquarters for a ranch that included a two-story bunkhouse for the ranch hands. Citrus groves and vineyards were planted on the land. Capt. Woodbury planted the deodar cedars that line the contemporary Santa Rosa Ave., also known as Christmas Tree Lane, another National Register site. In 1892, Capt. Woodbury sold the home to a man named Walker, who in turn sold it to Hampton L. Story in 1894. During the decades following Storys death, the home became a coffee shop, sheriffs station, a fire engine house, office building and a tea house.</p><br>
<p>Winstanley Hall is a late 16th-century house in Winstanley, in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, Greater Manchester. Originally built for the Winstanley family, the building is one of only three Tudor buildings in the Borough.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The hall was built in the 1560s for the Winstanley family of Winstanley; the Winstanley family were lords of the manor since at least 1252 and may have been responsible for building the moat on the site. Winstanley Hall has three storeys and has a date stone with a date of 1584, but this is not in situ so may not provide an accurate date for the construction of the house. Extra blocks were added in the 17th and 18th centuries. Further and extensive alterations were made in 1811-19 by Lewis Wyatt in a Jacobean style. He moved the entrance to the left flank of the hall and replacing the original entrance with a window. The final additions to the hall were made in 1843 when an extra wing was added. To the south, on lands belonging to the hall, is a small stone building which was used to house bears that provided entertainment for the hall&#39;s guests.</p><br>
<p>The Winstanley Family also owned the Braunstone Hall estate in Leicestershire.</p><br>
<p>The Bankes family retained ownership of the hall until the 21st century when it was sold for private development. The hall had been kept in good condition until the 1960s when habitation stopped. As the building decayed and the cost of maintaining Winstanley Hall was too much for the family it was sold on. It was intended to develop the hall into private flats, however refurbishment was held up due to Wigan council withholding planning permission. The interior is now in some disrepair.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The building is now owned and controlled by and is somewhat derelict. Rules for entry are clearly stated on numerous sign posts on the path leading to the property. To gain access the property, people must book an appointment by telephoning the owner of the surrounding land.</p><br>
<p>The Zane Grey Estate is a National Register of Historic Places structure  in Altadena, California. It was placed on the Register in 2002 for its association with author Zane Grey.</p><br>
<p>The mansion was built by Chicago business machine manufacturer Arthur Herbert Woodward. Designed by architects Myron Hunt and Elmer Grey (no relation to the author), the 1907 Mediterranean Revival style house is acclaimed as the first fireproof home in Altadena, built entirely of reinforced concrete as prescribed by Woodward&#39;s wife, Edith Norton Woodward. Edith Woodward was a survivor of the Iroquois Theater Fire of 1903.</p><br>
<p>The Greys moved to Southern California in 1918. In 1920, spurred by the memory of a visit to Altadena during their honeymoon, they bought the Woodward home.</p><br>
<p>After the Greys bought the property, they built an addition on the roof for a studio, library and museum. In 1928, an east wing was added to the house. After the Greys&#39; death, their sons owned the property. The house was sold by their son, Romer, in 1970.</p><br>
<p>The Old Poughkeepsie YMCA is on the west side of Market Street near the corner of Church Street  in Poughkeepsie in New York, United States, across from the former New York State Armory. One of many historic early 20th-century institutional buildings on Market Street, the city&#39;s main downtown thoroughfare, it has a glazed terra-cotta front facade, the only building in Poughkeepsie using that material.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The organization, founded before the YMCA as the Young Mens Christian Union, had previously met at an office on Union Street, next to the citys former post office. It was built in 1908 in the Renaissance Revival style, one of the few in the city, with part of a $265,000 gift from William Wallace Smith, one of Smith Brothers cough drop makers and a YMCA member and benefactor. His gift also included a neighboring office building, since demolished. The New York City firm of Jackson & Rosencrans were the architects.</p><br>
<p>In keeping with the style and era, the building features many ornamental touches, such as a molded cornice, quoins, denticulated frieze second-story balcony and domed first-floor windows. The center of the top balustrade has an elaborate cartouche.</p><br>
<p>The interior likewise boasts sliding double doors, dark-stained woodwork and brick fireplaces It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The YMCA has since moved to different quarters a few blocks away and become the Dutchess County YMCA. The building, now attached to newer structures on either side, houses some county government offices and a few private businesses.</p><br>
<p>The Baranov Museum is a history museum at 101 East Marine Way in Kodiak, Alaska. It is located in a National Historic Landmark building known as the Russian-American Magazin and the Erskine House, which also houses the office of the Kodiak Historical Society. Built c. 1810, the building is the oldest of four surviving building constructed by the Russians when Alaska was a Russian territory. The museum&#39;s collections and exhibits are focused on the history of the Kodiak Archipelago and the Aleutian Islands, with particular focus on the Russian and early American periods.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and building history</h2><br>
<p>The community now known as Kodiak was established in 1793 as Pavlovsk, and was the first permanent Russian settlement in North America, and served as its territorial capital until 1808. This building was built in the first decade of the 19th century as a storage facility (or "magazine") by the Russian American Company. When Alaska came under American control, the building was purchased by the Alaska Commercial Company, which continued the business operations previously engaged in by the Russians. In 1911 the building was sold to W. J. Erskine, who used the building as a private residence, constructing a new stone foundation for the building and enclosing its porch. He sold it in 1948 to a company which rented it out. After the 1964 Alaska earthquake and tsunami damaged the city, the building was acquired by a government redevelopment authority. Ownership was eventually transferred to the city, which leased it in 1967 to the Kodiak Historical Society. The society has since maintained the property, using it for office space and as a museum. The building was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1962, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.</p><br>
<p>The building is a large rectangular log structure, now resting on a concrete foundation (replacing Erskines stone foundation). It is 2-1/2 stories in height, 36 feet deep and 72 ft wide, with a projecting front porch that is partially glassed in. It is finished in horizontal redwood siding, which covers older siding which may be Russian in origin. It has a steeply-pitched gable roof, which is pierced on its main (southern) elevation by a single gabled dormer. The buildings interior has been extensively altered to accommodate the historical society&#39;s uses, but much of its older fabric is still evident. The interior was originally divided into two large chambers separated by a log dividing wall that is still extant (with doorways cut through it at a later date), and the material that make up the stairwell to the second floor also appear to be original. The upstairs has flooring that appears to be typical Russian manufacture.</p><br>
<p>The Russian-American Building No. 29, also known as Tilson Building or Building No. 29, Sitka, is a historic commercial building at 202-206 Lincoln Street in Sitka, Alaska. A National Historic Landmark, it is the only Russian colonial commercial structure standing in Sitka, and one of only two Russian colonial buildings in the city </p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The original portion of the building is a square log structure, 2-1/2 stories tall, measuring about 28 ft (four sazhen) square, and resting on a raised stone foundation. A two-story gallery, sheltered by a shed roof, extended to the east. The outside logs from which it is built were squared off to 18 in. The interior walls are built from dimensionally smaller logs, and the floors were made of half-logs secured into joists and sills by tenons. The structure is estimated to have been built in the 1840s, at a time when many buildings were built by Finnish laborers brought in by Russian administrators, and was first used as for residential purposes.</p><br>
<p>The building has undergone a number of alterations in the intervening time, but these have managed to preserve much of its historic fabric. It is unknown if it was sided at the time of its construction, but early images depict it with the same type of shiplap siding it has today. Early images also show a two-story ell to its rear. The building was originally built with its back directly on the waterfront; infill has created new land in this area.</p><br>
<p>In the 1880s the building underwent significant alterations. An addition extended the gallery area further to the east, and a new roof fully incorporated this space into the structure. Window spacing on this addition was made to match that of the main block, and the new roof was augmented by four equally-spaced gable-roof dormers. The building underwent further modernizing work in the 1960s, some of which was in response to deterioration of the log structure. It was the subject of a major rehabilitative effort in the mid-1980s.</p><br>
<p>The building was declared a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Sitka Naval Operating Base and USA Army Coastal Defenses are the surviving elements of the World War II-era defenses and defense establishments in and around Sitka, Alaska. These facilities, in particular the airfields and naval bases, played a key role in the defense of Alaska, and in military operations against Japanese forces which occupied Attu and Kiska, two remote islands in the Aleutian chain. The Sitka facilities were designated a National Historic Landmark in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>In consideration of the possibility of war in the Pacific Ocean, the United States War Department in 1937 established a small naval station near Sitka, Alaska as a base for a small fleet of PBY Catalina seaplanes. In 1939 Congress appropriate funds for the construction of naval air stations at Sitka and other sites in coastal Alaska. The Sitka station was built on Japonski Island, just west of Sikta Harbor, on land that had been under United States Navy jurisdiction since the Alaska Purchase in 1867. The Sitka Naval Air Station was formally commissioned on October 1, 1939. What was then not much more than a coal resupply station rapidly grew, with a radio station, barracks, and other facilities constructed, mainly on the north side of the island. In March 1941 United States Army forces arrived in Sitka, and began construction of a coastal defense battery on Makhnati Island, an islet at the western end of a chain of islets extending westward from Japonski Island. To facilitate this work, a causeway 8,100 ft in length was constructed connecting Japonski to Mahknati via this island chain. These facilities were the only significant American military facilities in the North Pacific when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor in December 1941, even though they were still a work in progress.</p><br>
<p>The naval facilities on Japonski Island eventually grew to include several hangars, ramps into the water to facilitate the movement of seaplanes onto land, a large concrete parking area, a control tower, two piers, and a number of ancillary support buildings. On the island the Navy also had a system for landing and launching aircraft similar to that used on aircraft carriers, but none of these facilities have survived.</p><br>
<p>Along the causeway to Makhnati Island, a number of facilities were built for the Army coastal defense units. The major facility, Fort Rousseau, was on Makhnati, and housed two six-inch guns, two 155mm guns, magazines, and the army command post. A secondary battery was placed on Sasedni Island, where there were also barracks and a mess hall, and Virublennoi Island housed three ammunition bunkers. The batteries were not completed until after the Japanese had been driven from Attu and Kiska, and saw no action. The army closed its base at Sitka in spring 1944, and are now little more than foundations and concrete structures.</p><br>
<p>The surviving elements of the Sitka Naval Operating Base, the causeway to Makhnati Island, and the coastal defense station were designated a National Historic Landmark on August 11, 1986.</p><br>
<p>Queen Anne Cottage and Coach Barn is a Victorian style pair of buildings at Baldwin Lake, on the grounds of the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden, located in Arcadia and the San Gabriel Valley of southern California.</p><br>
<p>Baldwin built the elaborate Coach Barn near the pond in 1879, and Baldwin’s Belvedere or the Santa Anita Ranch Guest Cottage on a peninsula in the pond in 1885−1886. They are a California Historical Landmark, and were placed on the National Register of Historic Places for their significance as examples of Queen Anne Style architecture and for the associated, largely intact Victorian landscape design gardens.</p><br>
<h2>Cottage</h2><br>
<p>The Cottage was constructed in 1885-1886 for Elias Jackson "Lucky" Baldwin and his fourth wife, Lillie Bennett, the daughter of the Cottages architect Albert A. Bennett. Upon E.J.s death in 1909, his daughter Anita closed the Cottage and disposed of all furnishings. Some of the architectural elements of the Cottage, such as the stained glass windows, black walnut doors, and marble fireplace mantels were stored in the coach barn. The stored items were reinstalled in the Cottage during the 1951-1953 restoration.</p><br>
<p>The Cottage has been used for numerous films and television shows, most famously for the opening of Fantasy Island where the character of Tattoo can be seen ringing the bell in the cottage&#39;s tower and Mr. Roarke is seen exiting from it.</p><br>
<p>In 1993 the "X"-pattern fencing around the Queen Anne Cottage was refurbished and repaired as part of an Eagle Scout project by Erik Wanson, a member of Boy Scout Troop 351 in San Marino, California.</p><br>
<h2>Historic house museums</h2><br>
<p>In 2015, public tours commenced, opening the Cottage and Coach Barn to visitors on a regular basis. The tour consists of a walk through the Arboretum and a tour inside both the Cottage and the Coach Barn, detailing the history of the gardens, Lucky Baldwin&#39;s story and the architecture of the house.</p><br>
<p>The 1840 Hugo Reid Adobe of Mexican era Rancho Santa Anita, later Baldwin&#39;s main ranch house, is also on Baldwin Lake within the Arboretum.</p><br>
<p>Ghost Lake is a man-made lake in Western Alberta, Canada, formed along the Bow River. It is located approximately 45 km west of the city of Calgary and immediately west of Cochrane. It has a water surface of 11.6 km&sup2; and a drainage basin of 6,460 km&sup2; The average depth of the lake is 14.5 m, and it reaches a maximum of 34 m</p><br>
<p>The lake lies in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains at an elevation of 1,188 m and is lined on the north shore by Highway 1A. Trans-Canada Highway passes a short distance to the south. It was formed in 1929 with the completion of the Ghost Dam, and was developed on land leased from the Morley Indians by Calgary Power Ltd. The lake and dam are primarily used for power generation. Calgary Power changed its name to TransAlta Utilities in 1981.</p><br>
<p>The lake freezes in December until approximately mid-May. Sport fish include lake trout, mountain whitefish, lake whitefish and brown trout.</p><br>
<p>Large fluctuations in water level due to power generation affect the recreational opportunities and biological productivity of the lake. The volume of water being released from the lake and the variance thereof also affect the Bow River downstream of the dam.</p><br>
<p>The location brings consistent, strong winds, which make the lake suitable for sailing and iceboating. The Ghost Lake Iceboat Club is located at Ghost Lake. Ghost Lake was also selected as the swimming venue for the inaugural Ironman Calgary 70.3. The summer village of Ghost Lake and the Ghost Reservoir Provincial Recreation Area were established on the northern shore of the lake.</p><br>
<p>Lake Batyo Catyo is a man-made freshwater lake located 26 km west of the town of St Arnaud in North Central Victoria, Australia.</p><br>
<p>In normal conditions the lake surface area covers 230 hectares to an average depth of 2.5 metres. It is the terminus for water flowing from the Richardson River via Souths Creek and three smaller reservoirs to its southwest.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The lake was constructed in 1961 as an irrigation reservoir for dairying and for cereal crops. Water was diverted from the Richardson River during high-flow periods to create a reservoir holding an average of 1,130 ML and a maximum of 2,250 ML. More recently, the lake has been used for waterskiing and other recreational and tourist activities based in the nearby town of Donald and St. Arnaud.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>The lake is home to communities of Murray cod, golden perch and redfin perch, though fish habitat can be affected by drought conditions.</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<p>Native flora include species common to grassy wetlands. The shoreline is dominated by River Red Gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) associated with Canegrass (Eragrostis infecunda) Tangled Lignum (Muehlenbeckia florulenta) and spiny sedge (Cyperus gymnocaulus). The southern and southwestern shore is also home to stands of Black Box (Eucalyptus largiflorens)</p><br>
<p>Three threatened species are present: the Pale Spike sedge (Eleocharis pallens), Chariot Wheels (Maireana cheeli) and Turnip Copperbur (Sclerolaena napiformis). Upstream land clearing in the 1960s has increased salinity levels in the lake, but a 2006 water quality study indicated sufficient fresh water to maintain existing vegetation.</p><br>
<p>Harmony Hall, located in Fort Washington, Maryland, is managed by the United States National Park Service as part of the National Capital Parks-East system. It has been a National Park Service site since 1966. Harmony Hall is a -story Georgian country house built of red brick during the eighteenth century. It is surrounded by 65 acre of land on Broad Creek, a Potomac River tributary.</p><br>
<p>The house was built circa 1769 by Enoch Magruder. After his death, the estate was given to his daughter, Sarah and her husband, Col. William Lyles. The estate was originally called Battersea, but came to be called Harmony Hall some time after 1792, when it was rented to brothers John and Walter Dulaney Addison and their wives. The name "Harmony Hall" commemorates the two couples&#39; harmonious coexistence. Harmony Hall was sold by the Lyles family in 1850. After passing through other owners, the manor was purchased in about 1892 by Robert Stein, his brother Richard, and brother-in-law Joseph Adler. The three had immigrated from Silesia, and engaged in truck farming nearby. They lost control of the manor house in 1929, selling it to Charles Collins, but continued to farm and operate a general store in the area.</p><br>
<p>The home was extensively restored beginning in 1927 by Charles Wallace Collins (1879–1964), a lawyer, writer, and librarian who made his home in Harmony Hall and devoted himself to its restoration after he retired. Collins bequeathed the house to the National Park Service.</p><br>
<p>Beginning in 1985, Frank Calhoun leased the mansion and lived there, investing more than $1 million into the house and its upkeep. After he fell behind on renovations in his early 60s, the Park Service asked Calhoun to leave in 1999. The property has been empty and in accelerating decline since then. Though the Park Service periodically sends in staff and enlists students to clean up the grounds, Harmony Hall competes with many other historic properties for attention and funding.</p><br>
<p>The home has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1980, Harmony Hall is closed to the public.</p><br>
<p>Harmony Hall is also the name given to a community center building, on adjacent property, owned by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission and used as their southern area headquarters office. The center includes a fitness center and hosts concerts, stage plays, art exhibits, arts classes, scout meetings, and other cultural programs. The building was originally an elementary school.</p><br>
<p>Barberstown Castle is a structure originally built in 1288 in Straffan, County Kildare, Ireland, 25 km  west of Dublin. It has been operating as a hotel since 1971 and is surrounded by 20 acre of gardens. Renovations in 1996 revealed a previously undiscovered tunnel that links the castle to the nearby church in Straffan and is thought to have been used under the Penal Laws.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The castle was built by Nicholas Barby c. 1288 on land originally owned by the Fitzgerald family. In 1630 William Sutton of one of the foremost families in the area owned the property.</p><br>
<p>In 1689 it was confiscated from Lord Kingston by the Earl of Tyrconnell after the accession of King James 11 of England. It then became the property of the Commissioners of the Revenue who leased it to Roger Kelly in the late 17th century. At the end of that century it passed through a number of hands, including Bartholomew Vanhomrigh who bought it for £1,033 in 1703, together with 335 acres (135 hectares) of land. Vanhomrigh had been Lord Mayor of Dublin in 1697 and was the father of Vanessa, lover of Dean Swift. He sold it to the Henrys who forced by financial circumstances to sell it on to Hugh Barton of the wine family Barton and Guestier. He built the last wing of the house in the 1830s. (He also built Straffan House, known today at the K Club).</p><br>
<p>In the 20th century it was sold by the Huddlestons to Mrs. Norah Devlin who converted it into a hotel in 1971. Eric Clapton purchased the property in 1979 and in 1987 sold it to the current owner, Ken Healy, who lives in the property. Healy has renovated it from a 10 bedroom guesthouse with three bathrooms to a 59 bedroom Fáilte Ireland approved 4 Star Hotel.</p><br>
<p>Har Hotzvim , also Campus of Science-Rich Industries  is a high-tech industrial park located in northwest Jerusalem. It is the city&#39;s main zone for science-based and technology companies, among them Intel, Teva, NDS , RAD Data, Mobileye, Ophir Optronics, Sandvine, Radware, IDT Global Israel, Medtronic, Johnson and Johnson and more. In addition to large companies, the park also hosts about 100 small and medium-sized high-tech companies, as well as a technological incubator. In 2011, Har Hotzvim provided employment for 10,000 people.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The park was founded in the early 1970s by the Jerusalem Economic Corporation, in order to facilitate the development of a high tech industry in Jerusalem. At the time the location was at the edge of the built up area of the city, but over the years several major roads were built and accessibility to the site was improved; including: the Begin Expressway to the west of the park and Route 9 north of the park. One of the first tenants in the park was Luz Industries an early pioneer of Solar thermal energy, which in the 1980s built the world&#39;s largest solar energy generating facility SEGS in the Mojave Desert.</p><br>
<p>The first major international corporation to establish a base at Har Hotzvim was Intel, which opened its Fab 8 semiconductor manufacturing plant in 1985.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1990s, as Jerusalem was awarded the status of a preferred development zone for the high-tech industry, an expansion plan was initiated by the Jerusalem Development Authority. The expansion took place in three stage (known as Har Hotzvim stage b, c and d) and by the mid 2000s most of the available plots have been developed.</p><br>
<p>In 2005, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries opened a new, state-of-the-art pharmaceutical manufacturing plant in Har Hotzvim, at a cost of US$80 million. It initially produced about 4 billion tablets a year, rising to 8 billion a year when the second phase of building was completed.</p><br>
<p>In 2008 Intel closed its aging Fab 8 chip plant and started converting the facility to a die preparation plant. The plant was inaugurated in November 2009; the company planned to operate it on Saturdays in accordance with its business needs, requiring continuous operation of the production line. This angered the Haredi Jewish community living in nearby religious neighborhoods, who strictly observe the Sabbath laws. For several weeks they gathered every Saturday outside the building; some threw rocks at the building and the police. Eventually representatives of the Haredi community reached an agreement with Intel to keep the plant open on Saturdays, but allow only non-Jews to work.</p><br>
<p>In July 2011 Haredi United Torah Judaism party in the Jerusalem city council proposed to clear the area for new residential development for their community, an offer that was firmly rejected by Jerusalem&#39;s mayor Nir Barkat</p><br>
<h2>Tenants</h2><br>
<p>Intel</p><br>
<p>Teva Pharmaceutical Industries</p><br>
<p>Radware</p><br>
<p>Umoove</p><br>
<p>NDS Group (now part of Cisco)</p><br>
<p>AVX Corporation</p><br>
<p>MRV Communications</p><br>
<p>Ericom Software</p><br>
<p>IDT Global Israel</p><br>
<p>Sigma-Aldrich</p><br>
<p>Ophir Optronics</p><br>
<p>Mobileye</p><br>
<p>Sandvine</p><br>
<p>RAD Data Communications</p><br>
<p>Minicom Advanced Systems</p><br>
<p>BAE Systems Rokar</p><br>
<p>Ness Technologies</p><br>
<p>BrightSource Energy</p><br>
<p>Solel Solar Systems</p><br>
<p>Digital Fuel</p><br>
<p>Oridion</p><br>
<p>Mango DSP</p><br>
<p>CDI Systems</p><br>
<p>Dexcel Pharma</p><br>
<p>Gamatronic</p><br>
<p>Medinol</p><br>
<p>BioLineRx</p><br>
<p>Deloitte</p><br>
<p>Brainsway</p><br>
<p>COMPAQ</p><br>
<p>Wizcom Technologies</p><br>
<p>The Dutchess County Courthouse is located at 10 Market Street in downtown Poughkeepsie, New York, United States. It is the third county courthouse to stand on that site.</p><br>
<p>The first was authorized by the provincial assembly in 1717 and built in 1720, and would host New York&#39;s debate on ratifying the USA Constitution during the brief period when Poughkeepsie served as the state capital in 1788. It was destroyed in an 1806 fire. Three years later the state legislature appropriated funds for a new one, which stood for almost a century. An early tenant beside the courts was Matthew Vassar, later founder of Vassar College, who ran a saloon and oyster bar in the basement.</p><br>
<p>It was replaced by the current structure, built in 1903 at a cost of a half million dollars and opened and dedicated just before the end of the year. It was designed by local architect William J. Beardsley in a Classical Revival style, a four-story building with red brick facing and Palladian windows in the second and fifth-story center bays with stucco decoration above. Because of a requirement in the original deed for the land, one of the original 1720 courthouse&#39;s jail cells must remain in the basement of this or any subsequent court building.</p><br>
<p>Later alterations were made under the direction of Charles Cooke, who designed the nearby offices of the Poughkeepsie Journal. The buildings cornice is the only element that has been significantly changed from the original design. It has also been joined to the Poughkeepsie Trust Company building to its immediate east on Main Street, which serves as the district attorneys offices.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Today, it houses judges chambers and clerks offices as well as courtrooms. Most of the courts lesser functions, such as property recordkeeping, have been moved to an annex next door, built in the 1960s. In the late 1990s, it was the venue for former Dutchess assistant district attorney Stephen Pagoness defamation suit against Al Sharpton, C. Vernon Mason and Alton Maddox over allegations they made against him during the Tawana Brawley affair.</p><br>
<p>St. Marks Episcopal Church is an historic Episcopal church located at 6-8 Highland Street in Ashland, New Hampshire, in the United States. It is part of the Episcopal Diocese of New Hampshire. The single story Gothic Revival frame building was designed by New York City architect J. Coleman Hart, and built in 1859 for a congregation established in 1854; a parish house was added south of the main building in 1898-99. The exterior of the building consists of half-timber framing filled with brick usually laid in stretcher bond, and set on a granite foundation. Stained glass windows are set in their own panel sections, and have cinquefoil arched heads and beveled surrounds. To the southeast of the main block stands a tower with an open belfry, which is topped by a hip roof that transitions into an octagonal steeple shingled with fishscale wood shingles. The building is the only known church in New Hampshires Lakes Region built in this style.</p><br>
<p>On December 13, 1984, the church building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The current pastor is Rev. Tobias Nyatsambo.</p><br>
<p>Blackhead is a mountain located in Greene County, New York.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is part of the Blackhead range of the Catskill Mountains.</p><br>
<p>Blackhead is flanked to the northeast by Black Dome.</p><br>
<p>Blackhead stands within the watershed of the Hudson River, which drains into New York Bay.</p><br>
<p>The southwest side of Blackhead drains into East Kill, thence into Schoharie Creek, the Mohawk River, and the Hudson River.</p><br>
<p>The north side of Blackhead drains into the headwaters of Batavia Kill, and thence into Schoharie Creek.</p><br>
<p>The east side of Blackhead drains into Trout Brook, thence into Shingle Kill, Catskill Creek, and the Hudson River.</p><br>
<p>Blackhead is within New York&#39;s Catskill Park.</p><br>
<p>The Long Path, a 350 mi long-distance hiking trail from New York City to Albany, is contiguous with the Escarpment Trail.</p><br>
<p>Striped Peak is a mountain located approximately 12 mi west of Port Angeles, Washington. It is located directly off the Strait of Juan de Fuca and rises to 1,166 ft. The mountain used to be part of Camp Hayden, there are still accessible bunkers located on the mountain. To the east is located Freshwater Bay and to the west Crescent Bay. Also located to west is the Salt Creek Recreation Area and Tongue Point.</p><br>
<p>Striped Peak was named in 1846 by the British naval surveyor Henry Kellett due to a "landslip occurring down its face" (no longer visible).</p><br>
<p>Striped Peak has a number of trails and roads that visitors can use to access points on the mountain. There a number of viewpoints which have views of the strait, Victoria, British Columbia, Vancouver Island, Sooke, British Columbia, and surrounding coast and hills.</p><br>
<p>The Interurban Bridge, also known as the Ohio Electric Railroad Bridge. is a historic interurban railway reinforced concrete multiple arch bridge built in 1908 to span the Maumee River joining Lucas and Wood counties near Waterville, Ohio. The span was once the worlds largest earth-filled reinforced concrete bridge. It is within the Farnsworth Metropark and is the river crossing of the parks trail system, which connects this park with Bend View and Providence Metroparks. One of the bridges supports rests on the Roche de Boeuf, a historic Indian council rock, which was partially destroyed by the bridges construction.</p><br>
<h2>Builder Lima-Toledo Traction</h2><br>
<p>The bridge has been abandoned for many years. It was constructed by the Lima-Toledo Traction company, an interurban trolley line that ran primarily adjacent to the Baltimore and Ohio steam railroad from Toledo to Lima, Ohio, and by connection to Dayton. Many Ohio interurban lines struggled financially from inception. In an attempt to create operational efficiency under one management, the L-T was brought under lease control of the Ohio Electric corporation along with other Ohio interurbans to form a large widespread Ohio interurban network. All equipment was relettered and operated as the Ohio Electric. Financially the consolidation didn&#39;t work, and when the OE went bankrupt, the L-T returned to its former owners and operated as the Lima-Toledo Railroad and continued interurban service between Toledo and Lima.</p><br>
<h2>Final railway use by the Cincinnati and Lake Erie Railroad</h2><br>
<p>In 1929, two adjacent Ohio interurbans (the Cincinnati Hamilton and Dayton, and the Indiana, Columbus and Eastern) combined with the L-T to form the Cincinnati and Lake Erie Railroad to establish interurban service from Toledo to distant Cincinnati. A branch operated from Springfield to Ohio&#39;s capitol Columbus. The corporate goal was to increase passenger business and particularly interurban freight business in this heavily industrialized part of Ohio. From 1929 to 1930, the C&LE borrowed heavily to rebuild track and purchase new passenger and freight equipment in order to provide high speed operation between its major cities of Toledo, Lima, Springfield, Dayton, and Cincinnati. Initially the C&LE was successful and business increased, but the collapsing national and local economy due to the Great Depression of the 1930s, the numerous floods requiring very expensive track rebuilding, the competition from newly paved highways with the related growth of automobile and truck competition reduced C&LE revenue and forced abandonment in 1937. This was the last year that the Interurban Bridge saw rail traffic. On June 19, 1972, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places</p><br>
<h2>Reference and notes</h2><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>Keenan, Jack: The Cincinnati and Lake Erie Railroad: The Great Ohio Interurban. 1974. pp 226. Golden West Books, San Marino, Calif</p><br>
<p>Middleton, Wm D: The Interurban Era. pp 330; 1962, Kalmbach Publishing. Milwaukee, WI.</p><br>
<p>Middleton, Wm D: The Last Interurbans. Central Electric Railfans Association, Chicago, IL.</p><br>
<p>Professor George Hilton: 1957. The Interurban Electric Railway in America. Stanford Univ Press, California.</p><br>
<p>Rowsome, Frank: Trolley Car Treasury, pp 209, Bonanza Books, New York, New York.</p><br>
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